1878.] MR. H. SAUNDERS ON THE LARJNjE. 181 



Clupeilurus antipodum, Bp. Compt. Rend. xlii. p. 770 (1856). 

 Larus verreauxii, Bp. Rev. et Mag. Zool. vii. 1855, p. 16. 

 Dominicanus verreauxii,Bp.; Bruch, J. f.Orn. 1855, p.281(Chili). 

 Dominicanus azara (Less.), Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 214 (1857). 

 Lestris antarcticus (!), Ellman, Zool. 1861, p. 7472. 

 Lestris fuscus, id. Zool. 1861, p. 7472. 



Larus vetula, Gurney, Andersson's B. Damara Land, p. 357 

 (1872) ; Shelley, Ibis, 1875, p. 86 (Natal). 



Hab. New Zealand, Kerguelen Island, and the other islands 

 between it and Cape of Good Hope, African coast to 22° S. lat., the 

 opposite coast of South America, the Falkland Islands, Patagonia, 

 the coast of Chili, and the island of Juan Fernandez. I am sceptical 

 as to the locality assigned to L. fritzei, whilst equally unable to 

 accept Bonaparte's version of Sunda being a mistake for Sund [Lund?] 

 in Sweden ! 



In a large series of specimens from the above localities I can detect 

 no specific differences, individuals from the same localities often 

 varying quite as much in the dimensions of the bill as do those 

 from widely remote places. The absence or presence of the white 

 mirror near the tip of the first primary is of no specific value what- 

 ever, being entirely dependent upon the age of the individual ; it 

 does not appear till after the bird has assumed the full black mantle, 

 and increases in size with age. 



The deep brown-black of the mantle, as distinct from the slate- 

 black of L. fuscus, and its strong bill and larger size, will distin- 

 guish L. dominicanus from that species ; it is smaller than L. ma- 

 rinus, has a different pattern of primaries, and has olivaceous-coloured 

 legs and feet. 



Messrs. Sclater and Salvin state (P. Z. S. 1871, p. 576) that the 

 examples then living in the Society's gardens had flesh-coloured 

 legs and feet ; but this is either a slip of the pen, or else they must 

 have been looking at a L. marinus, the only " Black-back" which 

 when adult has those parts of that colour. 



19. Larus pacificus, Latham, 



Larus pacificus, Latham, Suppl. Ind. Orn. p. G8 (1891) ; Gould, 

 B. of Austral, vol. vii. pi. 19; Schlegel, M. P.-Bas, Lari, p. 7 

 (1863). 



Larus frontalis, Vieillot, in Nouv. Diet. H. Nat. 2nd ed. t. xxi. 

 p. 505 (1818), im. ad. (Tasmania). 



Larus leucomelas, Vieillot, N. Diet. H. Nat. 2nd ed. t. xxi. p. 509 

 (1818), adult (Tasmania). 



Larus bathyrinchus (sic), Macgill. Mem. Wern. Soc. v. (1823-4), 

 p. 253. 



Larus georgii, King, Surv. Intertrop. Australia, ii. p. 423 (1826) 

 (King George's Sound, S.W. Australia). 



Gabianus pacificus (Lath.), Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1853, p. 100, ct 

 1855, p. 280; Bonap. J. f. Orn. 1854, p. 211 ; Rev. et Mag. Zool. 

 1855, p. 13; Consp. Av. ii. p. 212(1857). 



