1878.] MR. H. SAUNDERS ON THE LYRINJB. 183 



(1852) ; id. B. Californ. p. 28, pi. 5; Scl. & Salv. P. Z.S. 1871, 

 p. 574; iid. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 148. 



Adelarus heermanni, Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1853, p. 107, et 1855, 

 p. 279. 



Leucophceus heermanni, Bp. Naumannia, 1854, p. 211. 



Blasipus heermanni, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 211 (1857). 



Larus (Blasipus) heermanni, Coues, B. N.W. Am. p. 641(1874). 



Hub. Pacific coast, from Vancouver's Island and California (breed- 

 ing), down to Panama in winter. 



The nearest ally of this species is perhaps L. crassirostris of the 

 opposite Asiatic coast and islands; but its red bill and the lead- 

 coloured neck and underparts will always serve to distinguish the 

 adult ; in L. crassirostris the neck and underparts are white. 



22. Larus crassirostris, Vieill. 



Larus crassirostris, Vieill. N. Diet. H. Nat. 2nd ed. p. 508 (1819), 

 ex Krusenstern (Nagasaki, Japan); Schlegel, M. P.-Bas, Lari, p. 8 

 (1863); Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 421; David & Oust. Ois. de la 

 Chine, p. 518 (1877). 



Larus melanurus, Temm. PI. Col. 77 mc liv. pi. 459 (1828) ; Teram. 

 & Schl. Faun. Japon. Aves, p. 132, pi. 88 (1850); Taczan. Bull. 

 Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 264 (1876). 



Adelarus melanurus, Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1853, p. 107, et 1855, 

 p. 279. 



Blasipus crassirostris, Bp. Naumannia, 1854, p. 211 ; id. Consp. 

 Av. ii. p. 212 (1857). 



Larus fuscus, Swinhoe, Ibis, 1860, p. 68 (nee Linn.). 



Hab. Coasts of Japan and China, and large lakes and rivers ol 

 latter ; breeding in colonies, generally on islands. 



I have already pointed out roughly the distinctions between this 

 species and L. heermanni ; superficially the present bird is not unlike 

 the adult of L. belcheri ; but the mantle is much lighter, and the tail 

 is white with a black bar, whereas in L. belcheri the greater portion 

 of the tail is black. 



23. Larus modestus, Tsch. 



Larus modestus, Tschudi, Wiegm. Arch. 1843, pt. i. p. 389 ; id. 

 Fauna Peruana, Aves, p. 306 (1845-6), pi. 35 ; Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 

 1871, p. 573 ; id. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 148 (1873). 



Larus bridgesi, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1845, p. 16; id. Zool. Typ. t. 69 

 (1849), type in Brit. Mus. 



Blasipus bridgesi (Fraser), Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1853, p. 108, et 

 1855, p. 280; Bp. Rev. Zool. 1855, p. 21 ; Consp. Av. ii. p. 212. 



"Blasipus polios (Natt.)," Bp. Kev. Zool. 1855, p. 21 ; Consp. 

 Av. ii. p. 212 (1857). 



Leucophaius modestus, G. R.Gray, Haud-1. Birds, hi. p. 116 

 (1871). 



Hab. Pacific coast of South America, from Callao to Valparaiso, 

 and probably further south. 



This species, which in its immature plumage bears an indicatioa 



