376 MR. GARROD ON NYCTEREUTES PROCYONIDES. [Mar. 19, 



out having any extension directly onwards to the anterior extremity 

 of the hemisphere. There is scarcely any tendency in the second 

 gyrus to form an antero-superior angle ; and the sulcus between gyri 

 three and four is not quite parallel to the great longitudinal fissure, 

 it diverging slightly from the middle line as it goes forward. In 

 these respects the brain more resembles that of Canis vulpes 1 than 

 those of Canis familiaris or C. lupus. 



In the peritoneal cavity of the adult male Nyctereutes (which, 

 like the half-grown female, had excessive atheroma of all its larger 

 arteries) I found an immense number of parasitic worms, collected 

 especially about the abdominal surface of the liver and the stomach. 



These worms had "heads" much like those of the Bothrio- 

 cephali, but larger. My friend Mr. F. G. Penrose has most kindly 

 made sections of them, and has demonstrated the existence of a 

 most peculiar cavity in each. This cavity is coiled up within the 

 ovate "head;" its lumen is small; and its walls are plicated very 

 extensively, the magnitude as well as the number of the folds being 

 great. It opens externally at its proximal extremity by one of its 

 ends only. The " body " is taenioid in its proportions, and is not 

 segmented. It is about two and a half inches in total length, the 

 "head" being about the size of a hemp-seed or a little smaller. 



There are a few general remarks suggested by the above recorded 

 facts. 



First, with reference to the colic caecum in the Canidse, I have 

 on a previous occasion noticed the aberrant form of that appen- 

 dage in Canis cancrivorus 2 , where it is nearly straight. Two other 

 specimens of the species have since passed through my hands, 

 which have been entirely confirmatory of my earlier observation. 

 In Nyctereutes procyonides the csecum is slightly more caniform 

 than in C. cancrivorus ; it is a little broader also. 



From the examination of other Canidae, I find that the caecum, 

 in its twistings, resembles that of Canis familiaris in being turned 

 about twice and a half upon itself in C. laniger, C. lagopus 3 , C. 

 anthus, C. fulvus, C. antarticus, C. azarce, Otocyon lalandii, and 

 Lycaon pictus. 



In Canis aureus I have found the terminal twist wanting, the apex 

 of the caecum turning down as in C. famelicus. 



In Canis cancrivorus and in Nyctereutes procyonides the caecum 

 is nearly straight. 



Secondly, with reference to the brain, Prof. Flower has done 

 much to condense and classify the facts to be arrived at from the 

 study of the convolutions \ which latter, in my estimation, throw 

 much light upon. the mutual affinities of the Fissiped Carnivora. 



It seems to me that the typical major convolutions of the Car- 

 nivorous brain form three complete and uniformly broad gyri round 



1 Leuret and Gratiolet, loc. cit. pi. iv. fig. 2, Renard. 



2 P. Z. S. 1873, p. 748. 



s Vide Flower. " Hunterian Lectures," ' Medical Times and Gazette.' Lon- 

 don, June 1st, 1872, p. 622. 

 * P. Z. S. 18G9, p. 482. 



