18/8.] ' LIGHTNING' AND 'PORCUPINE ' EXPEDITIONS. 401 



* Jointed. 

 A. Perforated or tubuliferous. 



Family I. Terebratuli d.e. 

 Genus I. Terebratula. 



Subgenus I. Terebratulina. Loop, short, annular in its adult state. 



1. Terebratula caput-serpentis, Linne. (Plate XXII. fig. 1.) 



Anomia caputserpentis, L. S. N. ed. 12, p. 1 153 : T. caput-serpen- 

 tis, 'British Conchology,' ii. p. 14, pi. i. f. 1 ; v. p. 164, pi. six., f. 2. 



* Lightning ' Expedition : Station 4, 530 fathoms. 



'Porcupine' Exp., 1869: St. 2, 808 f., on Oculina prolifera ; 

 6,90 f.; 14, 173 f.; 16, 1180 f.; 23a, 420 f. ; 25, 164 f.; 54, 363 f. ; 

 57, 632 f. ; 61, 1 14 f. ; 65, 345 f. ; 74 and 75, 203-250 f. ; 77, 5 JO 

 f. ; 78, 290 f. ; 84, 155 f. ; Loch Torridon, 40 f. ; off Belfast, 70 f. 

 1870 : Atlantic, 24, 292 f. ; Mediterranean ; Adventure Bauk, 

 92 f. ; off Rinaldo's Chair, 60-160 f. 



Spitzbergen and Davis Strait to Malta and the Adriatic ; Jamaica ; 

 North-East America ; Japan ; Korea ; Australia ; New Zealand : shore 

 to 150 f. 



Extremely variable with respect to the proportional length of the 

 shell and the number of ribs or striae. One variety is the!T. septen- 

 triojialis of Couthouy ; and another may be called mediterranea, 

 which is longer and more slender, more compressed or flatter than 

 usual, and more or less cloven in front. In a monstrosity from the 

 Adventure Bank the upper valve is extraordinarily convex and boat- 

 shaped, and there are no longitudinal ribs or striae on the outer 

 margin. 



I have figured (PI. XXII. f. 1) the interior of a young specimen to 

 show that the loop is not in that stage of growth completely annular 

 or closed at the top, which is the principal characteristic of the sub- 

 genus Terebratulina. 



The synonyms are very numerous ; I have noted seventeen. 



The localities for this and other Brachiopods in a fossil state will 

 be found in the table of species. 



2. Terebratula tuberata 1 , Jeffr. (Plate XXII. fig. 2.) 

 Shell, upper valve ovately triangular, somewhat convex ; lower 



valve squarish, compressed ; it is solid, opaque, and lustreless : 

 sculpture, about 20 fine longitudinal ribs, besides a few intermediate 

 striae, all of which radiate from the beak, and are closely covered 

 with short tubercles, some of which at the sides are raised and 

 become prickly : ccecal tubuli very minute and numerous : colour 

 brownish white : margins of upper valve iu front rounded and 

 slightly scalloped by the ribs, at the sides sloping with a gentle 

 curve, behind acute-angled : beak pointed : foramen or byssal pas- 

 sage oval, incomplete : deltidium broad, slightly excavated or con- 

 cave : hinge-plate thick : teeth in upper valve small, strong, and 

 1 Covered with prickle?. 

 Proc. Zool. Soc— 1878, No. XXVI. 26 



