1878.] GENERATIVE ORGANS OF HY.ENA CROCUTA. 421 



single mass surrounding the canal of the urethra. Further, in the 

 female the corpora spongiosa take no part in the formation of the 

 glans clitoridis, whilst in the male the glans penis is formed by the 

 spongy body. The penis, formed as just described, measures 

 8 inches in length from the bulb of the urethra to the apex of the 

 glaus. 



Muscles of Penis.— Of these there are three which are bilateral, 

 and one which is common to both sides. (1) The ischio-cavernosus 

 or erector penis is very strong, aud arises from the ischium imme- 

 diately in front of the tuberosity. The fibres pass forward and are 

 inserted into the corresponding corpus cavernosum close to the junc- 

 tion of the latter with its fellow on the opposite side. The muscle 

 covers the crus penis. (2) The bulbo-cavernosus is also strong, and 

 arises from a median tendinous band which separates it from its 

 fellow. The fibres pass transversely outward so as to cover the 

 bulb of the urethra, and are inserted into the corpus cavernosum 

 along the inner border of the preceding muscle. (3) Retractor 

 penis. In my paper on the female organs of H. crocuta I expressed 

 my belief that the retractors of the clitoris probably arise from either 

 the ischium or pubis. I am now satisfied from my examination of 

 those of the male that such is not the case, but that iu both sexes 

 they arise from the lower surface of the sacrum. In the male each 

 retractor is a broad but thin muscle which, arising from the pelvic 

 surface of that bone, passes backward and downward and reaches the 

 side of the rectum. Some of the fibres terminate on the gut, where 

 they lie under cover of the levator ani ; but the greater number form 

 a narrow riband-like muscle, which passes downwards and extends 

 along the uuder-surface of the penis in contact with its fellow to be 

 inserted, as in the female, into the corpus cavernosum just behind 

 the glans. (4.) Elevator urethra. The muscle so named is very 

 strong, being nearly as thick as the erector. It is a flattened band, 

 and arises from the inner surface of the ischium 1 inch in front of 

 the tuberosity. The fibres pass downward and forward, and termi- 

 nate below the angle formed by the junction of the membranous and 

 spongy portions of the urethra on a tendon which is common to it 

 and to the muscle of the opposite side. Lying, as it does in the 

 normal position of the animal, below the urethra, this tendon when 

 the muscular fibres contract will tend to elevate and at the same 

 time to compress the urethral canal. A large artery, vein, and 

 nerve derived from the pudics pass together along the outer side of 

 each cavernous body as in the female, and terminate close to the 

 glans. Another artery of large size, also derived from the pudic 

 trunk, passes into the crus penis of each side, and apparently supplies 

 the erectile tissue. 



Comparison of the Male Organs of allied Species. — Having now 

 described the male organs of H. crocuta, it may be well to compare 

 them with those of closely allied species. The number and arrange- 

 ment of the anal glands is similar in both sexes of this species ; and 

 therefore there is little to add to what I have already said regarding 

 them in my communication on the female organs. In my descrip- 



