Fan. 19, 1882] 
In Table II. we have the dates of maximum height of 
the Nile, reckoned from the beginning of September as 
a zero date and the sums of the numbers for two years 
taken. 
In Table III. the numbers record sums for two years 
of monthly means of the water level at Teddington. 
reckoned in feet and decimals of a foot ; that is to say 
each number must be divided by 24 in order to get the 
mean of the two years. 
TABLE I.—Recording the Yearly Heights of the River Nile in the 
manner already described 
Year. Height. Year. Height. Year, Height. 
1849 2130 1859 1766 1869 2284 
1850 2080 1860 2098 1870 2701 
1851 2077 1861 2368 1871 2718 
1852 2078 1862 2574 1872 2404 
1853 2434 1863 2765 1873 2142 
1854 2425 1864 2475 1874 2317 
1855 2173 1865 2229 1875 2463 
1856 2141 1866 2432 1876 2541 
1857 2016 1867 2208 1877 198t 
1858 1736 1868 2003 1878 2290 
NATURE 
| could be still further extended. 
269 
TABLE II.—Recording the Dates of Maximum Height of the 
River Nile in the manner already described 
Year. Duleep Year. ate of Year. Date of 
1849-50 64 1859-60 116 1869-70 96 
1850-51 54 1860-61 80 1870-71 100 
1851-52 63 1861-62 84 1871-72 79 
1852-53 60 1862-63 89 1872-73 22 
1853-54 68 1863-64 41 1873-74-33 
1854-55 48 1864-65 33 1874-75 83 
1855-56 43 1865-66 57 1875-76 82 
1856-57 37 1866-67 38 1876-77 31 
1857-58 10 ... 1867-68 II 1877-78 40 
RAsSs69). 70 | ce 1868-69 52 
TABLE II].—Recording the Water Level at 
Teddington in the 
manner already described 
Year. Heights. Year. Heights. Year. Heights. 
1860-61 315°77 1867-68 299°58 1874-75 292°91 
1861-62 306752 1868-69 297'21 1875-76 304°68 
1862-63 299°83 1869-70 292°29 1876-77 299°41 
1863-64 288°27 187071 278°77 1877-78 288°81 
1864-65 294°63 1871-72 294°90 1878-79 296°32 
1865-66 308°67 1872-73 30610 1879-80 300°62 
1866-67 312°I1 ... 1873-74 286°82 
A diagram likewise accompanies this, in which the 
results are graphically represented, curve (1) denoting the 
results of Table I., curve (2) those of Table II., and 
curve (3) those of Table III. In this diagram the dates 
of sunspot maxima are likewise indicated. From an inspec- 
tion of this diagram we may perhaps deduce the following 
conclusions :— 
I. The curve representing the heights of the River 
Nile and that representing the dates of maximum height 
are very like each other, a maximum height corresponding 
generally to a late date of maximum rise. 
2. There is also a considerable likeness between the 
Nile curve and that for the River Thames. 
3. There appears to be a maximum in these curves at 
or somewhat after the date of maximum sun-spots, but 
they have more than one maximum for one sun-spot 
cycle. 
It would be extremely interesting if this comparison 
BALFOUR STEWART 
OLEO-MARGARINE 
{t is now doubtless known to most people that much of 
yhat by courtesy goes by the name of butter is only 
very distantly related to the dairy produce which has hitherto 
enjoyed a prescriptive right to that appellation. If any of 
our readers were ignorant of this fact, the interesting and 
instructive statement which the Chairman of Committee, 
in his capacity as a private member, laid before the House 
during the last Session will have fully enlightened them 
on that point, as indeed it enlightened, and seemingly 
astonished, Honourable Members. During the past ten 
years a new industry has been created. It came into 
existence very quietly, and under the taint of illegitimacy, 
and consequently the world in general knew very little 
about it. Thanks, however, to the operations of Sanitary 
Boards, Officers of Health, and Food Analysts, it was 
eventually dragged out into the light of day, when, despite 
the circumstance that the greater part of its existence had 
been spent in out-of-the-way places and without the 
fostering recognition of authority, it stood revealed as an 
astonishingly well-grown and highly prosperous business. 
The industry in the outset was set going to manufacture a 
product from beef-suet to be used in the adulteration of 
butter, and enormous quantities of this product were 
made in this country and in America for this purpose. 
The fraud was, however, so repeatedly exposed, and con- 
victions against grocers and others selling this adulterated 
butter were so frequently obtained, that the vendors were 
driven to so far take the public into their confidence as to 
declare that the product was “a butter-substitute,” and 
hence arose the euphemism of “ butterine,” by which it be- 
