526 



NA TURE 



[Oct. 18, 1877 



large use that is made of the art-science in nearly 

 every investigation of the present day. As regards the 

 artistic element present, it is not in our province 

 to dwell upon it. In many examples of portraiture 

 it would have been well had that abomination — re- 

 touching of the negative — been avoided. As showing 

 what a grand pencil is sunlight to the artist, we may 

 mention the exhibits of Robinson, Blanchard, Mrs. H. 

 Roscoe, and Slirgsby, in all of which are to be found true 

 artistic feeling and perfect manipulation. The works of 

 Payne-Jennings, Bowness, the Royal Engineers, Stephen 

 Thompson, and England may be classed amongst the 

 best of the landscape work. 



Amongst technical work we have examples ot a capital 

 photo-relief process by Warnerke, by which an artist's 

 own drawing can be iaithfully reproduced as a block for 

 surface printing. The mechanical printing processes from 

 gelatine are also admirably represented by the Autotype 

 Company, as is that known as Woodbury-type. 



This notice would be incomplete without calling atten- 

 tion to the photographs taken during the recent Arctic 

 expedition under Sir G. Nares, which have been exhibited 

 by the Admiralty, and also to those taken by Mr. Grant, 

 who accompanied Sir Allan Young in the Pandora. 

 Both sets of photographs are very good when the diffi- 

 culties under which they were taken are considered. 



THE NORWEGIAN DEEP-SEA EXPEDITION'' 



THE V'oyiiii^iii left Tromso on July 14, lay the fol- 

 lowing day, which was a Sunday, in Kjosen, by 

 Lyngen, and we recommenced our work on the i6th, off 

 Fuglo (71" N. lat.). From this point a cross-section'was 



made to lat 711°, long. 14° E., the bottom reaching no- 

 where more than 900 fathoms. On the 18th we steered 

 southwards, and took up another cross-section parallel to 

 the above, and about twelve geographical miles distant. 

 This was finished on the 2cth, and we sailed to Tromso, 

 where we arrived at midnight. In the last cross-section 



Fig. I — BeerenlcrL;, J:iii 



we found a depth of more than 1,200 fathoms on the 

 noith-eaft border of the deep-sea bay abutting on the 

 sleep bank outside Vesteralen and Lofoten. 



In Tromso the ship was completely fitted out for our 

 cruise to Jan Mayen. We left that town on July 24, 

 passed out the MaIangen(jord, and steered westwards. 

 In lat. 70°, long. 5° E., we reached the cross-section, 

 whose eastern part we had already worked out, and 



shaped our course directly for Jan Mayen. This was on 

 the 26tb, and the dredge came up, full of mud, biloculina 

 clay, but almost without animals. The following day we 

 found 0° C. in 500 fathoms depth, but farther west, in lat. 

 7 1", long. 5° W., the isotherm of 0° C. was found, late in 

 the night, in only twenty fathoms' depth. This proves 

 that we were fairly in the polar current, and that the 

 boundary between it and the warm Atlantic current (the 



Fig. 2. -Jan Mayen-Soulh-v 



so-called Gulf Stream) is a very steep suriace, like that of 

 the " cold wall " on the American coast. The tempera- 

 ture of the surface of the sea was here 4°-6 C. At nij^ht 

 the fog came on, and the next day we steered cautiously 

 westwards, sounding at short intervals ; but the depths 



St Cape, ard ihe Seven Rocks, 



went on increasing to more than 1,000 fathoms, before a 

 less depth was sounded. At last, just when we were sitting 

 at the dinner-table, we heard the mate cry out, " I can 

 see the glacier ahead." The ship was immediately 

 stopped, and a sounding gave 140 fathoms. The fog 

 began to ascend a little, and we were soon able to dis- 



