566 



NA TURE 



[Od. 25, .877 



try the members of the college, and such members of the univer- 

 sity as the master and seniors may from time to time direct. 



London. — The London Ladies' Educational Association 

 opened its tenth session at University College for day lectures on 

 Monday. Most of the evening lectures — intended chiefly for 

 governesses and candidates for public examinations open to 

 women — began a fortnight ago. In the past session of J876-77 

 there was a decrease in the number of students as compared with 

 the preceding session, in which Ihe number had been greatly in 

 excess of any previous year. There was, however, but a very 

 slight diminution last year in Ihe total amount of fees received, 

 which rose considerably above the former level, the students, as 

 a rule, showing a desire to avail themselves of a regular course 

 of study by attending a larger number of classes. Moreover, the 

 number presenting themselves for examination showed a very 

 marked increase. The range of subjects offered to ladies in the 

 coming session is fully as wide as in any preceding one, and 

 comprises the language and literature of England, Erance, Ger- 

 many, and Italy ; Greek and mathematics, in elementary and 

 advanced classes ; physiology and hygiene ; physics ; English 

 history, in two classes, intended as a preparation for the Cam- 

 bridge higher local examinations for women; English Constitu- 

 tional History ; and history of Grecian hterature and art ; to 

 which will be added, next term, an additional course of Modern 

 History, and a course of lectures on Architecture. Besides 

 these classes, which are for ladies only, ladies are admitted as 

 regular students to the following classes in the college : — Anglo- 

 Saxon, Higher Senior Mathematics, Philosophy of Mind and 

 Logic, Political Economy, Jurisprudence, and Roman Law. 

 Ladies are also permitted to receive practical instruction in 

 the physical laboratory of the college, whilst the Eine Art 

 Department has from its commencement always been open to 

 them. 



Manchester. — The DaUon Chemicil Scholarship has been 

 awarded to Mr. C. E. Cross. Mr. Cross presented an original 

 investigation upon "Normal primary heptyl alcohol, and its 

 derivatives." 



The iJallon Mathematical Scholarship has been awarded to 

 Mr. E. T. Littlewood. 



Prof. Boyd Dawkins, M.A., F.R.S., began on the 22nd inst. 

 a course of six museum lectures on " Man's place in the tertiary 

 period." These lectures are open to the public at a small 

 nominal fee. 



The session of the evening classes was opened on the 15th 

 inst. by an address on " The Great Masters since Handel and 

 Bach, with especial reference to the form of their compositions." 

 The arldress was delivered by Mr. Hecht, Lecturer on Music, 

 and was illustrated by selections from the masters' works, 

 performed on the pianoforte. 



Leeds. — On Tuesday the foundation stone of the new York- 

 shire College was laid by the Archbishop of York on the site of 

 the Beechgrove estate, at Little Woodhouse, near Leeds, in the 

 presence of a large gathering of friends and subscribers to the 

 undertaking. Dr. Heaton, the chairman to the council of the 

 College, delivered a short statement in the nature of a history of 

 Ihe college from its initiation and its establishment down to the 

 present time. With these details our readers are already familiar. 

 The cost of the site has been 13,000/. 



Bristol. — On Saturday next, October 27, the Dean of 

 Westminster will give a public address to the students of 

 University College, and those interested in its success. The 

 introductory lectures have been duly delivered, and in most cases 

 attracted large audiences, and were well reported in local papers. 



Aberdeen. — Apropos of a recent correspondence in the Times, 

 the following fact is of some interest ; — 



At a recent meeting of the Aberdeen University Court a letter 

 was read from Sir Louis Mallet, Secretary to Lord Salisbury, 

 asking what special provision the University would make for 

 superintending the conduct of students selected for the Indian 

 Civil Service during their two years of probation. In reply, the 

 court adopted a motion, in which they resolved respectfully to 

 inform the Secretary of State for India that the University could 

 not undertake to institute any separate or severer system of 

 oversight or discipUne for one class of students than for another, 

 and that the present system had been found in practice to be 

 perfectly effectual in securing the steadiness, moral training, and 

 good behaviour of the students. 



A memorial from the University Council, asking the court to 

 take steps to institute evening lectureships in science and art, 

 was referred to the Seratus for a report. 



Dublin.— Prof. Emerson Reynolds will commence a course 

 of lectures on General and Medical Chemistry on every Tuesday, 

 Thursday, and Saturday from November i to March 31 following. 

 The first course of Practical Chemistry will comprise laboratory 

 instruction in (^)ualitative Analysis (including Spectrum Analysis), 

 commencing in Michaelmas Term; Volumetric and Simple 

 Gravimetric Analysis, commencing with Hilary Term ; Organic 

 Preparations and Analysis, commencing with Trinity Term. 

 The second, or advanced, course of Practical Chemistry will 

 comprise instruction in the higher branches of Experimental and 

 Analytical Chemistry, and in Methods of Research. 



Prof. Macalister, M.D., v.'ill commence a course of lectures on 

 Zoology in November, to be continued through each term until 

 the end of June. 



Prof. E. P. Wright, M.D., will commence a course of lectures 

 on the Morphology of the Cells and Tismes of Plants, and one 

 on the Natural History of Algx and Fungi in November. 



Cork. — Prof. J. Reay Greene has resigned the Professorship 

 of Zoology and Botany in the Queen's College, Cork, retiring 

 on a pension. There is, however, no vacancy, as Prof. Harkness 

 will lecture the students on these subjects. 



Galway. — Prof. Cleland, M.D., F.R.S., has resigned the 

 Professorship of Anatomy in the Queen's College, Galway, having 

 been elected to the valuable Professorship of Anatomy in Glas- 

 gow College, vacant by the resignation of Prof. Allen Thomson. 

 The vacancy in the Queen's College, Galway, will be filled up by 

 H.E. the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland on October 27. 



Lancaster. — A very fine set of new buildings for the Lan- 

 caster Royal Grammar School was opened on September 24. 

 The buildings include a well-fitted laboratory, erected at the 

 expense of W. Bradshaw, Esq., placed at some distance from 

 the main building. It is a pleasant, well -lighted room, thirty 

 feet by twenty feet. The whole school is taught physics, and 

 every boy will pass through a course of chemistry at about the 

 fourth form stage. We hope the authorities will feel encouraged 

 soon to introduce other branches of science as a regular part of 

 the curriculum, 



Amsterdam.— A university has been opened at Amsterdam. 



SCIENTIFIC SERIALS 



Kcalc Istituto Lombatdo Ji Sciinze c Ldlcre, Rendiconti, 

 vol. X. fasc. XV. — New contribution to the efficacy of the elastic 

 ligature in surgery, by M. Scarenzio.^Gleaningsin the Zoological 

 ^Iuseum of Pavia, by M. Pavesi. — Note by M. Curioni on the 

 contents of his work, " Applied Geology of the Lombardy 

 Province." — On microphytes, which produce certain diseases in 

 plants, by M. Cattaneo. — Physico-chemical researches on the 

 different allotropic states of hydrogen, by M. Tommasi. 



JiHirnal t!e Physique, September, 1S77. — From this number 

 we note the following papers : On the application of a new 

 apparatus for the determination of visual astigmatism, by M. 

 Javah — On the spectrum of the electric spark in a compressed 

 gas, by A. Cazin. The author made two series of experiments, 

 one in which he simply observed the spectrum directly by means 

 of the spectroscope, and the other in which he photographed the 

 spectra and thus obtained more accurate results. — Experi- 

 mental determination of the principal elements of an optical 

 system, by A. Cornu. — On the currents produced by a liquid 

 passing through a tube, by E. Edlund. — On the spectra of 

 chemical compounds, by P. Moser. — On the modes of crystalli- 

 sation of water and the causes of the various aspects of ice, by 

 Raoul Pictet.^On the inlluence of light on the electrical resistance 

 of metals, by R. Boernstein. 



Zeitschrijt Jiir 'wissenscliaftliche Zoologie, vol. 29, part 2 (July). 

 — II. Reichenbach, on the early development of the fresh-water 

 crayfish, 75 pp. 3 plates. — H. I^udwig, on Rhopalodina (class 

 echinodermata). — O. Biitschli, on the process of division of 

 cartilage-cells ; on the development of Pahtdiiia vi'i^nra, in rela- 

 tion to Bobretzky's and Lankester's recent papers ; on the develop- 

 ment ol Nci ilina jUrriatilis, and on the segmentation process and 

 formation of the blastoderm in Net-h'Us vu!caris. 



