368 
the remains of their repasts are found a variety of 
birds. 
Among these innumerable debris of bones, there is not 
a single fragment of a human bone. Our good Troglo- 
dytes were, therefore, not anthropophagi. They must 
have fought occasionally to defend or enlarge their hunt- 
ing territory ; nevertheless, their equipment was more that 
of huntsmen than of warriors. 
In reviewing their panoply, it is evident that the most 
dangerous weapons, those which could be available in a 
hand-to-hand fight, are the most rare, and we remain con- 
vinced that they were a pacific race. 
It might be concluded that they wore no clothing, be- 
cause all the men represented by their artists are com- 
pletely naked ; but that proves absolutely nothing. Do 
we not know that the Greeks often represented their gods 
and their heroes in a state of nudity? 
In the Troglodyte caves have been found all the requi- 
sites for needlework. They had needles of bone and of 
deer-horn, Some were only piercers, like a shoemaker’s 
awl, others were provided with an eye for holding the 
thread (see Figs, 15 and 16). There were some very fine 
ones. A small needle case has been found, made of a 
bird’s bone, which could contain a number of them. They 
are supposed to have been obtained from the metacarpus 
of a horse, on which several longitudinal and parallel in- 
cisions, with a fine saw, have extracted little, narrow, even 
spiculee of long bones, The work was not complete ; but 
it is evident that these slender spiculz could only be 
destined for making needles, The threads used in sewing 
were doubtless of different kinds. Did they use vegetable 
fibre or fine lashes of leather? It is possible and even 
probable. What is nearly certain is that our Troglodytes 
made threads or at least strings with the substance of 
tendons. 
I do not know whether the Troglodytes utilised thus 
the nerves of the reindeer, but they carefully detached 
the long tendons with a certain little blow which pro- 
duced on the surface of the bone a superficial abrasion of 
a very regular shape. This abrasion, always the same, 
has been found on different bones, but the spots where it 
exists have this in common, that they mark the place of 
along tendon. It is, therefore, the proof of a methodical 
operation, which was doubtless practised before giving 
the meat to the cook, and which was probably destined 
to prepare threads for sewing, 
Sewing is a proof of clothing, and not of that primitive 
clothing which consists of the skin of some animal thrown 
over the shoulders, but of a more complete dress, formed 
by the joining of several skins. The abundance of needles 
and piercers, and of scrapers which helped to prepare the 
skins, proves that the use of clothing must have been 
general, They also wore ornaments, which perhaps served 
as marks of distinction. These were necklaces or brace- 
lets, formed of shells perforated and threaded. 
Most savage nations have the habit of painting and 
tattooing themselves ; we have no right to despise them 
on this account, for tattooing is still held in honour in the 
popular classes of the most civilised countries, and it is 
even hinted that ladies in the upper circles have not quite 
forgotten the art of pencilling. We must not then wonder 
at finding similar fashions among the Troglodytes. Their 
caves contain numerous fragments of the red stone which 
we call ved ochre ; the stripes frequently found on these 
fragments prove that they have been scraped. They 
therefore prepared a red colour, which was in constant 
use, and which probably served to ornament the body 
with pictures. 
I have already said that Troglodytes were not nomads. 
Some individuals may doubtless have undertaken voyages, 
but the entire tribe never went far from their caves. It 
was then by means of barter or commerce that certain 
foreign articles were imported. The numerous perforated 
shells of which the necklaces and bracelets were composed, 
NATURE 
[Mar. 13, 1873 
were all foreign to the locality. Most of them belonged 
to the species Zz¢éorina littorea, and came from the shores 
of the Atlantic, where they are still very abundant. They 
were brought quite fresh, for they had their natural 
colours, which are preserved to this day in the floors of 
the caves, Other shells pierced in like manner with one 
hole, belong to five extinct species only to be found in 
Jaluns, and which date from the Miocene epoch. They 
are quite discoloured and broken into molecules ; and the 
traces of rolling which they sometimes present, prove 
that they were fossils long before they were extracted 
from their tertiary beds to ornament man. Now the 
Jaluns which contain these five species are not found in 
the region of the Vézére. The nearest are those of 
Touraine, and it was from thence, in all probability, that 
our Troglodytes imported this toilet necessary. There 
have been likewise found in three stations, and principally 
at Upper Laugerie, little pieces of rock crystal ; this sub- 
stance must have come from the Pyrenees, the Alps, or 
Fic, 22.—Combat of Reindeer. 
the mountains of Auvergne. The foreign relations of the 
Troglodytes were therefore rather extensive. 
Had they any religious faith? Nothing has been found 
in their habitations which could refer to any religious 
worship. But they wore talismans or amulets. These 
were a Canine or incisive tooth of wolf, reindeer, ox, or 
horse. A hole, carefully bored at one extremity of the 
tooth, served for passing the string by which it was sus- 
pended. 
At the same epoch, but in a different spot, certain 
funereal rites were observed. They placed the dead in a 
cave, whose narrow opening was closed by a flag-stone. 
In front of this stone was a little esplanade on which the 
afflicted relatives consoled themselves with feasting. 
This kind of consolation has been perpetuated from age 
to age, and it has not yet disappeared from among us. 
At present we know of but one burying ground of the 
Troglodytes of the Vézére ; it is that of Cromagnon. It 
is under a shelter and not in a cave; by the side of the 
corpses were placed carved flints and ornaments in shells, 
but there is no trace of a stone door, 
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