388 
NATURE 
After this first attempt we tried the trawl several times 
at depths of 1,090, 1,525, and finally 2,125 fathoms, and 
always with success. 
Several fishes, most of them allied to AZacrourus, were 
added to the list. Several decomposed crustaceans, and 
among the lower crustaceans at 1,090 fathoms, a gigantic 
amphipod, of the family Hyperina, allied to Phronima. 
The eyes of this creature are very remarkable, extending 
in two great facettio lobes over the whole of the anterior 
part of the cephalo thorax, like the eyes of Aeg/ina among 
Trilobites. This crystacean, which is three and a half 
inches in length, makes a splendid drawing, and re- 
minds one of the old Burypiends is in Bigtese ‘of descrip- 
Willemoes Suhm. . 
tion at the hands of Dr. von 
faut catches 
t 
Mollusca are very scarce in deep water, an 
have hitherto been chiefly in seep. to such ings as the 
species of Wucula, Leaa, Verticordia, &c., familiar through 
the deep dredgings of the Porcupine. Among the mol- 
luscoids a haul in 1,525 fathoms gave us a lovely thing, 
a bryozoan forming, out ranches closely resembling 
those of Accromarchis ueriting, a graceful cup, the 
bases of the branches HET | ‘a transparent stem 
between two and three inches at e the barrel of a 
quill, or the stem of a claret glass, is genus, which 
presents a general character iatally ifferent from any- 
thing hitherto known among recent Bryozoa, I me n tf» 
dedicate to Captain Nares, a8 an early recognition of the 
confidence and esteem which he has already fully gained 
from the scientific staff. Varesea cyathus certainly recalls, 
in a most singular way, the Can bran Diclyouema, a 
form which I had, however, Wherea been inclined to 
refer to the Hydrozoa, Rigas ; en: 
The Echinoderms have yielded some exceedingly ipte- 
resting species to the trawl ; amon ee several examples 
of the beautiful little aha ich one specimen was 
taken by Count Pourtales, in the Straits of Florida, and 
described by Alexander Agassig under the name of 
Salenia varispina, It is undoubtedly a true Sa/enia, 
and to an advocate of the doctrine of the ‘continuity of 
the chalk,” it is pleasant to see in the flesh this little 
beauty, which has hitherto been reckoned among the lost 
tribes. oer ; oF, 
Among the star-fishes ty, ies of the genus Hy- 
menastes have occurred, st the ophiurids are well re- 
presented chiefly by large examples of several species of 
the genus Ophiomusium. == 
All the hauls of the trawl, down to 2,125 fathoms, 
have yielded many specimens of a singular Holothurid, 
of which a description will shortly be published by Mr. 
Moseley. The animal is of a yich violet colour. Like 
Psolus, it has a distinct ambu: ing surface, with a cen- 
tral double line of water-feet. e body cavity is small, 
but the perisom is represented by an enormously thick 
layer of jelly, which rises on ejther side of the middle 
line cf the back into a series of F winded LOBES, each per- 
forated for the passage of an ulacral tube and cor- 
responding therefore with ‘guna foot. The 
upper pair of vessels of the trivium send out series of 
leaf-like sacs, richly loade t, which fringe 
on either side the leads ator, ae , and appear . 
Fespiration. 
chiefly concerned in the ‘up $ 
€ occurred frequently, 
Sea-peas and G rgoniae 
always remarkable sty their ant phosphorescence. 
jon to this beau- 
Captain Maclear is giving s 
tiful phenomenon. ~A Mopsea, which shone very bril- 
liantly, gave a spectrum extending from the green well 
on into the red, while Umdelludaria gave a very restricted 
spectrum sharply included between the lines 6 and D of 
this wonderfully rare sea-pea. We took with the trawl a 
very fine specimen, with a stem 3 ft. long, at a depth of 
2,115 fathoms off Cape St. Vincent. 
As usual in deep-sea work sponges preponderated, and 
the order has added several novelties, chiefly referable 
to the ventriculite group, the Hexactinellide, 
Some fine new species of Afphrocallistes came up A 
along the coast of Portugal, and off st. Vincent ; wi 
th 
many spicules and more or less mutilated examples of — 
Hyalonema, two or three speciés in fair condition of a~ 
species of Luflectel/a, with spicules which I cannot dis- 
tinguish from those of LAuphadelles aspergillum —the. : 
The form of 
the two sponges is the same, but our own specimens are 
Venus flower-basket of the Philippines. 
quite soft, the spicules not fused into a continuous siliceous 
network, 
The physical and 
1emical observations will be fully 
detailed hereafter. © te tem a Ir 
y 
atures off the Coast of 
-ortugal corresponded very c Hass y with those taken in 
he Porcupine in 1870, and the Shearwater in 1871, below 
the first 100 fathoms through which at this seasonthe tem- 
perature is nearly uniform. WYvILLE THOMSON 
PROF, FLOWERS HUNTERIAN LECTURES 
LECTURES x. XI. XII, : 
siderably frat 
former hye o ‘ly been 9 Wined 
they have pesn studied By Ey 
it 
having the teeth compressed from before backwards, 
instead of laierally. hs ‘Tatter class includes a well- 
and perhaps more tha 
graph is in course of 
genus, andthe mate $ at 
1839 Prof. 
e€ specimen now in 
phorus. All RnaNn aaeelee bate eight molars above, and | 
straight, piel parall 
a 
ew fr 
fore long id a slightly 
each side, whence 
much as in the Arm 
caused the central harder. 
what gridiron shape, | vbich was sometimes much elabo- 
rated. The front of the skull was much truncated, and a 
strong ossified septum was often present. Burmeister 
thinks that the- animal possessed a trunk. The brain 
was proportionately very small, the olfactory lobes and 
cerebellum preponderating. Much of the skull was 
occupied by air cells and the molar roots. The descending 
zygomatic process was very large, to give origin to the © 
masseter muscle ; it isabsent or nearly so in the Arma- 
dillos ; it may differ in character from that of the Mega- 
therium, probably arising from the maxillaries, as it was 
wen was among the ~ 
Bi 
4 
