436 
Acip TuRNIP INFUSION. 
‘Temp. to ce lirumner of Ex-| Date of Turbidity, Results at Expira- 
exposed, periments made. if any. tion of the 8th day. 
% 122° F an ty oe ay See 
BS | 5 in 24 hours P 
faa So | 7 2in 48 hours All turbid. 
\< in 40 hours 
40°F. | 12 4in 3 days All turbid. 
|(2in 4 days, 
| |( rin 3 days 
shes |)3in 5 days Seven turbid. 
149" F. | aD, Iin 7 days Three clear, 
2in 8 days 
15S? Be | 17 os All clear. 
BOZO: + 4 | All clear. 
176° F. | aie es 5 ore 
March 27.—‘‘ On the Radiation of Heat from the Moon, the 
Law of its Absorption by our Atmosphere, and its variation in 
amount with her Phases.” By the Earl of Rosse, D.C.L., F.R.S. 
In this paper is given an account of a series of obser- 
vations made in the Observatory of Birr Castle, in further 
provecution of a shorter and less carefully conducted inves- 
tigation, as regards many details, which forms the subject of 
two former communications* to the Royal Society. The obser- 
vations were first corrected for change of the moon’s distance 
from the place of observation, and change of phase during the 
continuance of each night’s work, and thus a curve, whose ordi- 
nates represented the scale-readings (corrected) and whose ab- 
sciss represented the corresponding altitudes, was obtained for 
each night’s work, By combining all these, a single curve-and 
table for reducing all the observations to the same zenith-distance 
was obtained, which proved to be nearly, but not quite, the 
same as that found by Professor Seidel for the light of the stars. 
By employing the table thus deduced, and also reducing the heat- 
determinations obtained on the various nights for change of 
distance of the sun, a more accurate phase-curve was deduced, 
indicating a more rapid increase of the radiant heat on approach- 
ing full moon than was given by the formula previously employed, 
but still not so much as Prof. Zollner’s gives for the moon’s light. 
By employing Laplace’s formula for the extinction of light 
in our atmosphere, the heat-effect in terms of the scale-readings 
was deduced, and an approximation to the height of the atmo- 
sphere attempted. 
From a series of simultaneous measurements of the moon’s 
heat and light at intervals during the partial eclipse of Novem- 
ber 14, 1872, when clouds did not interfere, it was found that 
the heat and light diminish nearly if not quite proportionally ; 
ihe minimum for both occurring at or very near the middle of 
the eclipse, when they were reduced to about half their amounts 
before and after contact with the penumbra. 
PARIS 
Academy of Sciences, March 24.—M. de Quatrefages, 
president, in the chair. M. Faye read a long and exhaustive 
reply to M. Vicaire’s criticisms on his solar theory and attempted 
revival of Wilson’s hypothesis. He answered each objection in 
detail, and maintained that his position had not been affected by 
M. Vicaire’s arguments.—M. Berthelot read a paper on the con- 
stitution of the solutions of the hydracids, and on their inverse 
yeactions. He believes that the increase of heat evolved with 
increased dilution proves the existence of a number of hydrates, 
and that the quantity of hydrated acid required to precipitate 
certain chlorides from their solutions will throw more light on 
this point.—On certain propyl new derivatives, related to 
the metallic propyl compounds, by M. A. Cahours.—M. Th. 
Lestibondois read a note on certain anomalous lianas.—Papers 
were read on the conditions under which certain periods of the 
quadratics of a curve of degrees disappear or become infinite, 
hy M. Max Marie.—On a new double-image micrometer, by M. 
©. Noel.—On the measurement of the chemical effect of solar 
light, by M. E. Marchand.—On Phylloxera, &c., by M. L. 
J’aucon,—On a new method of determining the position of the 
i odal surfaces in masses of vibrating gas, by M. D. Gernez.— 
On the volumetric estimation of carbonic anhydride, by M. 
* Proceedings of the Royal Society, vol. xvii. p. 436; xix. p. ¢ 
1893 
Houzeau. Theauthor has devised a method for the application 
of volumetric analysis to the determination of CO, in agricultural 
chemistry. The process consists in absorbing the gas in soda 
solution containing zincic oxide, precipitating the carbonate 
formed with neutral solution of baric chloride, and titrating the 
free soda left with standard sulphuric acid.— Researches on tri- 
chloracetic acid and the trichloracetatés, by M. A. Clermont.— 
On the bursting of the skin of fruits exposed to persistent rain, 
&c., by M. Joseph Boussingault. The author finds that this is 
due to the diffusion of water into the fruit. Many kinds of fruit 
thus absorb large quantities of water, and ultimately burst. The 
author has also experimented on leaves and stalks. In every 
case sugar diffused out of the fruit and leaves.—On the snow- 
line, and its elevation in different parts of, the world, by M. Ch. 
Grad.-—On M. Pasteur’s process for silk-worm preservation, by 
M. Guisquet, was an answer to M. Guérin-Méneville, who has 
denied M. Pesteur’s statements.—On the phenomena of hiberna- 
tion presented by flies exposed to successive changes of heat and 
cold in Russia, by M. Goubareff. Flies found perfectly torpid 
became lively at + 33° Réaumur, and became again torpid when 
the temperature was allowed to fall.—On an optical phenomenon 
produced by the condensation of dew on grass, by M. J. Leterme. 
| April 5. 
' DIARY 
THURSDAY, Aprrit 3. 
Rovat Socrety, at 8.30.—On the Structure of Striped Muscular Fibre: 
E. A. Schafer.—Note on the Synthesis of Marsh Gas, and the Electric 
Decomposition of Carbonic Oxide: Sir B. C. Brodie.—On an Air Battery : 
Dr, Gladstone and A. Tribe. 
SocieTy or ANTIQUARIES, at 8.30.—Greek Liturgies and Byzantine Archi- 
tecture: Edwin Freshfield. 
CHEMICAL Society, at 8.—A way of exactly determining the specific gravity 
of Liquids; Dr. H. Sprengel—On Cymene from various sources: Dr. 
C. R. A. Wright —Researches on the action of the Copper-zinc couple on 
organic bodies, II — On the iodides of Amyl and Methy!: J. H. Gladstone 
and A, Tribe.—Contributions from the Laboratory of the London Institu- 
tution, No. XI.—Action of the acid chlorides on Nitrates and Nitrites : 
Dr. H. G. Armstrong. 
Linnean Society, at 8.—On new Indian Fishes: Surgeon-Major F Day. 
—On the Fungi of Ceylon: Rev. M. J. Berkeley and C. E. Broome. 
Roya. Institution, at 3 —Coal and its Products: A. V, Harcourt. 
FRIDAY, Apri 4. 
Roya InstiruTIoN, at 9.—Observations on Niagara: Prof. Tyndall. 
GroLocists’ AssociaTIov, at 8 —IThe Diamond Fields of South Africz: 
G. C. Cooper.—On some Fossils from the Margate Chalk: J. W. 
Wethereil. 
ARCHAOLOGICAL INSTITUTION, at 4. 
SATURDAY, Aprit 5. 
Royat InsTITuTION, at 3.—Darwin’s Philosophy of Language: Prof. Max 
Miller. 
SUNDAY, Apri 6. 
Sunpav Lecture Society, at 4 —The Stereoscope, the Pseudoscope, and 
Binocular Vision: W. B. Carpenter. 
MONDAY, Apri 7. 
ENTOMOLOGICAL Society, at7. 
Lonpon INsTITUTION, at 4.—Elementary Botany ; Prof. Bentley. 
Vicroria InsTITUTE, at 8.—Force: Prof. Kirk. 
WEDNESDAY, Aprit 9. 
Puotocraruic Society, at 8. 
GeotocicaL Society, at 8.—Lakes of the North-eastern Alps, and their 
bearing on the Glacier-erosion theory: Rev. T. G. Bonney.— Notes on 
Structure in the Chalk of the Yorkshire Wolds: J. R. Mortimer. 
Lonpon InstiTuTION, at 7.—Paper and Discussion. 
ARCHOLOGICAL AsSOcIATION, at 8. 
ASTRONOMICAL Socisty, at 8. 
Socigty or TELEGRAPH ENGINEERS, at 7.30 —On a Bell Alarm for Sub- 
marine Cables: Wm. F. King —On the Measurement of Battery Resist- 
ance: Jas, Graves.—On the Mechanical Tests of Iron Wire: R, S. Culley. 
THURSDAY, ApRIt 10. 
MATHEMATICAL Society, at 8—On Systems of Porismatic Equations, 
Algebraical and Trigonometrical ; Note on Epicycloids and Hypocycloids ; 
Locus of point of concourse of perpendicular Tangents to a Cardioid ; 
Elliptic motion under acceleration constant in direction: Prof Wolsten- 
holme.—On the calculation of the Value of the theoretical unit-angle to a 
great number of decimal places: Mr. J. W. L. Glaisher. 
CONTENTS Pace 
Oricin or CERTAIN InstTINcTS. By CHArtes Darwin, F.R.S.. . 417 
University Oars, I]. By ArcHIBALD MacLAREN ... .- » + 418 
Tue EARTH (W1th Illustrations.) .-« + + «+ + + ° 3, * ee 
Letters To THE EpiToR:— 
Dana on Corals ~Prof tA. E. VERRILL. . «+ « «© ss = 
Animal Instincts. —E. W. Cox. Serjeant-at-Law .. . . 
The Sociability of Cats—J. JEREMIAH « » «+ se eo 
Manitoba Observatory.—G. I. KinGsTON . re 
St. THomas CHARTERHOUSE TEACHERS’ SCIENCE CLASSES a, 
i TROGLODYTES OF THE VEZERE (With Iélustrations),1V. By PauL _ 
ROCA . 
Pror. Frower’s HuNTERIAN LECTURES. . . . + .~ oS Toes 
An ENGINEERING COLLEGEIN JAPAN. « . 2 « 6 + 6 + «@ « + 430 
Notes ee = > oO) et ec © al) gee 
Tue Tueory or Evo.ution In Germany, II.. . . . > 26ers 
SEIENTIFICISERIALS 5 Rees) 6s os ee SH 434 
SocrgTIEs AND ACADEMIES ‘s 6 + © «© + + » « «© « « \6, uae 
DIARY. ss 3 eo uw OME 0s be OO) 5h meen 
EEE ——————==See le ee ee 
a 
