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482 NATURE [ Oct. 9, 1873 
their way. Moreover, we should think that those who 
have the framing of these Regulations ought to be proud 
to think that our country produces so many men of science 
whom foreign sovereigns delight to honour, and instead 
of throwing obstructions in the way, should afford every 
reasonable facility to those who are thus honoured to 
acceptand wear the Foreign Orders which may be offered 
to them. We cannot see that in any way their doing so 
would endanger the safety of the country nor be dero- 
gatory to the dignity and honour of our sovereign. May 
we not hope, then, that these Regulations as to Foreign 
Orders should not for ever remain as they are? They 
certainly permit one to infer that the only glory which 
those who promulgate them desire to see shed upon their 
country, is the barbarous glory which can be gained by 
a good fighter. 
We shall be glad to receive the opinions of scientific 
men on this question. 
LUBBOCK’S “MONOGRAPH OF THE COL- 
LEMBOLA AND THYSANURA” 
Monograph of the Collembola and Thysanura. By Sir 
John Lubbock, Bart., M.P., &c. Pp. 265. Seventy- 
eight plates. (Printed for the Ray Society: 1873.) 
i: lap insects which constitute the Linnean genus 
Podura, though small and apparently insignificant, 
present many interesting peculiarities of structure, and 
still more interesting characters bearing on the great 
problem of ‘the true affinities and historical evolution of 
insects generally. They have, however, been compara- 
tively neglected, and those who have worked at their 
classification have often done so in ignorance of each 
other’s labours, so that the nomenclature of the group is 
confused. Sir John Lubbock has patiently investigated 
the characters of the British species, and compared them 
with those given by Gervais, Nicolet, Bourlet, and Tull- 
berg. The genera he has been led to adopt are arranged 
in a tabular form on page 39. He gives good reasons for 
separating Podura, Degeeria, Sminthurus, and their allies 
from Lefisma and Campodea; and, while retaining 
Latreille’s name Thysanura for the latter group, proposes 
for the remainder the new term “Collembola” (xéAXa, 
€#BoXov), in allusion to the projection by which they attach 
themselves to foreign bodies. If this be adopted, there 
will be no title to designate all the insects belonging to 
Latreille’s Thysanura ; but though there is some inconve- 
nience in restricting the meaning of a term already in 
use, the author would probably hold that the distinctions 
between the two orders are too great for them to retain 
with advantage a common name. The change would 
then be very much like what has been made in separating 
the herbivorous Cetacea of Cuvier from the rest, giving 
them a new name, and retaining the old one for the re- 
mainder. The relative affinities of either group to other 
Arthropoda are difficult to decide on. The absence of 
wings has long, and with ample reason, been discarded 
by entomologists as a character of importance in classi- 
fication ; the absence of tracheze, though at first sight 
more important, does not apply to Smnthurus (not 
Smynthurus); the mouth is unlike either the mandibu- 
late or the suctorial type; and the caudal appendage 
and ventral tube are too peculiar to be of service for com- 
parison. On the whole, the author concludes that “ if we 
represent the divisions of the Articulata like the branch- 
ing of a tree, we must picture the Collembola and Thysa 
nura as separate branches, though small ones, and much 
more closely connected with the Insecta than with the 
Crustacea and Arachnida.”* After the chapters on the 
previous literature of Thysanura and their classification 
and affinities, comes what to many naturalists will be the 
most interesting part of the book, a discussion on the 
evolution of Insects, the origin of wings, and the light 
thrown on these questions by the study of the groups in 
hand. It would be impossible to do justice to this chapter 
in the limits of this article, and it is the less necessary 
since Sir John Lubbock has lately given our readers an’ 
exposition of his views on this subject in the series of. 
papers lately published in these columns on the Meta- 
morphosis of Insects. The remainder of the work con- 
sists of a general account of the anatomy of the Collem- 
bola and Thysanura, in which there are numerous ex. 
ceedingly valuable original observations, and a systemati 
description of the characters, habitat, manners and 
customs of the various genera and species at present 
known, with copious synonymy. The value of the work 
is further enhanced by an appendix by Mr. Joseph Bec 
on the Scales of Collembola and Thysanura, illustrated by 
twelve beautiful microscopic drawings, from the hand of 
the late Mr. Richard Beck. Thus the various points of 
interest offered by the groups treated of, to the micro- 
scopist, the entomologist, and the natural philosopher, 
are fully illustrated. Beside the figures, most of them — 
coloured, many showing different stages of growth, which 
illustrate nearly fifty of the species described in the text, 
there are numerous careful outlines of anatomical details, 
which supply what is too often neglected by systemati 
naturalists. The tribute paid bythe author to the artist 
whose intelligent skill has overcome the most grievous 
obstacles, will be endorsed by all who see these beautiful 
drawings. q 
We congratulate the Ray Society on the production of 
so excellent a work. This and the preceding volume by 
Prof. Allman on the Gymnoblastic Hydroids, will main- 
tain its reputation, and we trust that a society to which 
we owe such works as Darwin’s “ Cirripedia,” Parker’s 
“Shouldergirdle,” and Huxley’s “Oceanic Hydrozoa,” 
will continue to make so good a choice of books to pub- 
lish, and will be still more widely supported than it is, 
Bastse 
MONCKHOVEN’S “PHOTOGRAPHY” 
Traité General de Photographie. Sixiéme Edition. Par 
Dr. v.Monckhoven. Avec figures dans le texte et trois 
planches photographiques. (Paris, 1873. Georges 
Masson, Libraire-Editeur, Place de Ecole de Méde- 
cine.) 
See great advance made by photography as an art, 
and the yearly increasing number of processes, have 
made it almost an impossibility for anyone {not profes- 
sionally engaged as a photographer to keep abreast of the 
tide of improvement. , 
* The relation of both to the Myriopoda is expressed in a sentence 
which some error of the press has rendered unintelligible. It would seem 
to make the Collembola, alone, a group of equal “ value” with Myriopoda. 
We may remark here that there are an unusual number of misprints, 
