214 
WAT URE 
[ Dec. 28, 1882 
subject, and a controversy had arisen among Russian entomolo- 
gists, some of them being of the opinion that the larvee remain 
during the winter in the upper frozen sheet of the soil, and are 
in a state of sleep, while others affirmed that they go deeper into 
the unfrozen soil, and eat there the roots of plants, but die com- 
pletely if exposed to temperatures below the freezing point. 
The researches of MM. Yaroshevsky and Sok loff proved that 
these larve fell asleep when exposed to temperatures below 
zero, but immediately returned to life as soon as exposed to a 
warmer temperature. In the frozen soil, whose temperature was 
one degree below zero, they found plenty of larvee of Asilus, 
Elateride, Heliothis dipsaceus, and whole nests of ants with 
their larvae. All returned to life when warmed. M. Byeletsky 
contributes a paper on the respiration of the gigantic Salaman- 
der, Cryptobranchus japonicus, Hoev., one metre long, and 
weighing four kilograms (<everal individuals of the same species 
measure, as is known, four feet, and weigh nine kilograms). 
Siebold had already ob-erved the very long pauses between the 
breathings of this Salamander, sometimes lasting for half an 
hour. M. Byeletsky found that at a temperature of water about 
15° Celsius, his Salamander remained without breathing some- 
times for an hour anda half. Inthe air it breathed more often. 
M. W. Reinhard contributes an elaborate paper on the structure 
and development of freshwater Bryozoa, Aftera sketch of our 
present knowledge of the subject—up to the last works of 
Messrs. Nitsche, Hatschek, Hyatt, and Allmann -the author 
describes at length the structure of Crystatella mucedo, giving 
special attenticn to the development of the statoblasts, and the 
sexual multiplication of A/cyonella fungosa, The paper is ac- 
companied by seven weli-engraved plates. 
THE HIBERNATION 
SAY. JN THE 
SETTLED FACT} 
HAVE already shown in previous remarks before the 
Association that there were various theories held by com 
petent men, both en'omologi-ts and planters, as to the hibernation 
of this A/efia (the common Cotton Worm of the South), some 
believing that it hibernated in the chrysalis state, some that it 
survived in the moth state, while still others contended that it 
did not bibernate at all in the United States. I have always 
contended that the moth survives within the limits of the United 
States, and in this paper the fact of its hibernation, principally 
under the shelter of rank wire-grass, is established from observa- 
tions and experiments made during the past winter and spring. 
The moth has been taken at Archer, Pla., during every winter 
month until the early part of March, when it began to disappear, 
but not until eggs were found deposited. The first brood of 
worms was found of all sizes during the latter part of the same 
month on rattoon cotton, while chrysalides and fresh moths were 
obtained during the early part of April. 
The fact thus established has this important practical bearing : 
‘Whereas upon the theory of animal invasion from some 
exotic country, there was no incentive to winter or spring work 
looking to the destruction of the moths, there is now every in- 
centive to such action as will destroy it either by attracting it 
during mild winter weather by sweets, or by burning the grasses 
in which it shelters. It should also be a warning to cotton- 
growers to abandon the slovenly method of cultivation which 
leaves the old cotton-stalks standing either until the next crop is 
planted, or long after that event; for many planters have the 
habit of planting the seed in a furrow between the old row of 
stalks. The most careful recent researches all tend to confirm 
the belief that Gossypium is the only plant upon which the 
worm can feed, so that, in the light of the facts presented, there is 
all the greater incentive to that mode of culture which will pre- 
yent the growth of rattoon cotton, since it is very questionable 
whether the moth would survive long enough to perpetuate itself 
upon newly-sown cotton, except for the intervention of rattoon 
cotton,” 
OF ALETIA 
INITED 
XYLINA, 
STATES, A 
UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 
INTELLIGENCE 
CAMBRIDGE.—The following Boards of Electors have been 
thus constituted :— 
Professorship of Anatomy: Professors Flower, P.Z.S., Allen 
Abstract of a paper read at the Montreal meeting of the Am. Ass. Adv. 
Sc., by Dr. C. V. Riley. 
Thomson, Paget, Huxley, A. Newton, Liveing, Dr. Michael 
Foster, and Mr. J. W. Clark. 
Downing Professorship of Medicine: Sir G. Burrows, Bart., 
Drs. Farre, Lauder Brunton, R. Quain, Professors Paget, 
Liveing, Humphry, and Mr. Main. 
Professorship of Pathology : Professors Burdon Sanderson, 
Latham, Humphry, Paget, Sir James Paget, Drs. Michael 
Foster, J. F. Payne, and W. H. Gaskell. 
Professorship of Political Economy: Messrs. L. H. Courtney, 
M.P., A. Marshall, H. S. Foxwell, R. H. Inglis Palgrave, H. 
Sidgwick, V. H. Stanton, H. J. Roby, and Prof. James Stuart. 
Dr. Michael Foster is appointed an additional member of the 
Special Boards for Medicine, and for Biology and Geology. 
Candidates for the Plumian Professorship must send in their 
names to the Vice-Chancellor on January 6; the election will 
take place on January 16. 
A report has been issued recommending various modifications 
in the Previous and General Examinations; it, however, contains 
no indication of any approaching relief from examination in 
Greek, or of the introduction of French or German into the 
ordinary curriculum, or of any natural science subject. As the 
syndicate contains several 1ames of scientific weight, this 
appears rather surprising. 
SCIENTIFIC SERIALS 
Bulletins de la Société d’ Anthropologie de Paris, tome v. fasc. 
ili., 1882, contain the concluding part of M. G. D’Hercourt’s 
““Tle de Sardaigne.” In this paper the author considers at 
length the nature and presumed purpose of the massive conical 
structures known as mzr-aghes, of which there are upwards of 
3000 on the island of Sardinia, generally on, or near the coast. 
Since Diodorus of Sicily, who ascribed their origin to Dedalus, 
they have been a puzzle to the learned. The author’s remarks 
on the intelligence of the modern Sardi, notwithstanding that 
craniometrically they rank among the lowest European races, 
gave occasion to various discussions at subsequent meetings. —A 
communication from M. Beauregard in regard to a discovery, 
made la-t January by M. Crevaux, of an ancient city of the 
Incas, at 10 kilom. from Salta, in the Argentine Republic, 
whose geographical position the latter was engaged in deter- 
mining at the time.—On the various races inhabiting French 
Cochin China, by M. G. de Clanbry, who confirms the general 
view of the moral and social degradation of the Annamites. He 
draws attention to the slight distinctions perceptible between the 
men and women of these tribes in voice, length of hair, gait, 
features, &c., and supplies interesting details in regard to the 
local flora. —M. Topinard, in presenting to the Society Holder’s 
craniometer, based on geometric methods, described the cranio- 
metric and anthropometric instruments in use from Camper’s time 
to our own.—On the merits of M. Beaumanoir’s system of compar- 
ing the facial and cranial areas, by M. Corre.—A report by M. 
Deniker of the result of the official examinations for the 
Society, of an adult ourang-outang, and a young female 
chimpanzee, recently brought to Paris. The latter, as in the 
case observed by Darwin, showed its temper like a petulant 
child, by pouting, kicking, grinding its teeth, and shedding tears. 
—A paper by M. Corre, on the craniometric relations of certain 
anthropomorphous apes.—Report by M. de Mortillet of the 
labours of the Commission appointed to examine and protect 
the megalithic monuments of France. By the efforts of the Com- 
missioners the remains at Carnac have been secured from further 
demolition, and the Locmariaquer group, including in the so- 
called ‘*Roi des Menhirs” the largest known monolith, has 
passed by purchase under the contro] of the State.—On the 
abnormal development of the teeth in a child’s jaw, belonging to 
the Stone Age, and found at Erlen, near Colmar, by Dr. Col- 
lignon, The general dental system shows a low racial character, 
while the large permanent molars had come up before the milk 
teeth had been shed.—A communication by M. Hovelacque, on 
certain ethnographic survivals in Marne and Berry. In the 
former province it is deemed specially unlucky to use the horses 
of a deceased person till after his funeral; in the latter the hives 
must have a black ribbon attached to them while the family 
wears mourning, and to avert evil fortune from the house of a 
departed master, one of his nearest relatives must proclaim to 
the bees that their former owner is dead.—M. Chervin, on the 
census of the French people in 1881, The author shows that 
the augmentation since 1876 has been only 20 per 1000 in 
France, while in England it was 145, and in Germany as much 
