274 
Great caution must be exercised in the acceptance of 
implements as of glacial age, even if found on the sur- 
face of glacial gravels. Men of the later palzolithic age 
lived only seven miles south of Ware, and there is no 
reason why they should not have strayed over those high 
Fic. 7. 
positions. Some of the later tools have glacial striz on 
the original crust. 
There is apparently, but perhaps not really,a gap between 
each of these three palzolithic periods, as there is appar- 
ently a gap between paleolithic (in its vague general sense) 
and neolithic times. Each older period however, has 
forms which foreshadow the forms which follow in suc- 
ceeding periods even down to neolithic times. No doubt 
the fossil bones, if a good series could be obtained, would 
show a succession of, or possibly different groups, of animals 
in the different deposits, but the bones, antlers, and teeth 
met with by me, are at present insufficient to define any 
such groups with distinctness. 
The day will come when we shall know much more 
of palzolithic men than we know now. At present 
we only know that such men once existed and made 
NATURE 
[ Fan. 18, 1883 
weapons and tools of stone during long periods of time. 
How or where they first appeared as human creatures 
we can only guess. When we know more we shall modify 
our use of such terms as ‘River Drift Men,” “Cave 
Men,” &c., and we shall probably be able to mark out 
more or less distinctly a succession of men, a succession 
of geological events, and a distinct succession of progres- 
sive steps in the men from the lowest savage to the 
barbarian. Some of our ignorance is undoubtedly caused 
by the undue attention that has been bestowed on the 
collection of ornate implements and to the employment 
of gravel-diggers for their collection. No greater mistake 
can be made than the mere getting together of the more 
highly finished and perfect implements. We only learn 
from them that certain makers, at first few and far be- 
tween, common at last,—acquired extraordinary skill in the 
manufacture of stone tools and weapons. For one per- 
fect example, twenty have their points, butts, or edges 
injured either by peaceful or warlike work. Collectors 
will not put the damaged examples and failures in their 
“cabinets ;” but every damage tells some story of the 
use of the implement, and throws some light on the 
character of the being who made and used it. : 
Implements could not have been made without fabri- 
cating tools—without punches, hammer-stones, and anvils ; 
—where the ordinary implements are, these latter things 
also are. Implements such as are seen in museums are 
only fit for moderately rough work ; very rough work was 
sometimes done, but rough and massive stones artificially 
worked are seldom seen in collections. 
Knives, scrapers, wedges, heavy choppers, punches, 
anvils, cores, abraded hammer-stones, and other things 
have all been recovered by me from Stoke Newington, 
London ; but as this paper has already exceeded the 
limits set apart for similar articles, the description and 
illustration of these less-known objects had better be 
deferred. WORTHINGTON G. SMITH 
LEVERS ARC LAMP 
S° many rival forms of lamps have recently been 
devised for regulating the electric arc light that even 
specialists in this branch of applied science have some 
difficulty in keeping up a knowledge of all the various 
systems. Amongst those, however, there is a tolerably 
well-defined class of lamps in which the movements of 
the carbon-holder are regulated by a clutch or kindred 
device, which grips the holder and raises it, lowers it, or 
releases it when required. Clutch lamps date back, in- 
deed, to the year 1858, when a lamp of this type invented 
by Hart, the instrument maker, received a prize from the 
Royal Scottish Society of Arts. Amongst the more 
modern forms of clutch lamp those which have hitherto 
