kinds of marine alge. The list of instruments and appli- 
ances used in collecting is rather formidable, but it must 
be remembered that the object of the algologist is to 
obtain specimens in as perfect a state as possible, for the 
purpose of instituting a searching examination into the 
structure and fructification of the plants ; andthis cannot 
be done without much labour and pains. In the case cf 
small plants which adhere closely and spread over rocks 
and other objects, M. Hauck recommends that, instead 
_ of scraping off the algze, portions of the rocks on which 
they grow should be chipped away with a geological ham- 
mer, and preserved with the growing plants upon them. 
Directions are also given for the treatment of the Coral- 
linze and other alge which are covered with carbonate 
of lime, in order to divest them of the lime, and thus pre- 
pare them for microscopic examination. There are also 
instructions for preparing and mounting specimens of 
algae for the microscope. 
Every one who has endeavoured to cut sections of algze 
for microscopic observation, must be aware of the diffi- 
culty, occasioned by the different structures of the plants, 
of performing this operation. The {author shows how 
some of these difficulties may be avoided; but he has 
omitted to mention whether the sections should be made 
with a machine, or in the old-fashioned way, by holding 
the portion to be cut firmly with the forefinger nail of the 
left hand, while cutting the section with a sharp, thin 
knife. 
We now come to the work itself. 
classifies the marine alge: 
coloured red; II. PH®OPHYCE, plasma coloured brown; 
III. CHLOROPHYCE®, plasma chlorophyll-green; IV. 
CYANOPHYCE, plasma bluish-green. Commencing with 
the Rhodophycez, he treats of the Floridez, describing 
their structure and fructification. A summary of the 
families, with the names of the genera contained in each 
family, follows. M. Hauck’s classification of the Floridez 
is novel; it remains to be seen whether it will meet with 
the general approval of algologists. We have next a 
description of the genera and species. This part of the 
work is illustrated with figures drawn on zinc, of at least 
one species of each genus, as seen by transmitted, not 
reflected, light, the objects being represented as if trans- 
parent. Some of these illustrations are original, but the 
greater part are borrowed from Kiitzing, Thuret, Zanar- 
dini, and others. They are inserted in the text near to 
the species delineated,—an extremely convenient arrange- 
ment. 
M. Hauck thus 
I. RHODOPHYCE&, plasma 
Besides these illustrations, there are five plates, repre- 
senting different species of Lithophyllum and Lithotham- 
nion. They were printed by the “ Albertotype ” process, 
from negatives executed under the supervision of the 
author. These plates are admirable, and give more cor- 
rect and characteristic figures of these singular and in 
this country but little-known vegetable productions than 
can be obtained by any other process. 
Lithophyllum and Lithothamnion have been found in our 
seas, and it is probable that more would be found if 
sought for. They abound in the Adriatic and Mediter- 
ranean, and some species are known on the French coast. 
M. Hauck seems to have bestowed much pains and 
care in the preparation of the work, and it will be seen 
that he has added very considerably to our knowledge of 
386 Oe! NABER eo 
Several species of. 
As [ Feb. 22, 1 883 
the fructification of numerous species. It may, however, 
be as well to remind him that the cystocarpic fruit of 
Callithamnion Thuyoides, Call. polyspermum, Call. Bor- 
rert, Ceramium tenuissimum, and Grateloupia filicina, 
which he does not mention, were described and figured 
in Harvey’s Phyc. Brit. (Pls. 269, 281, 259, 90, 100). 
Also that the tetraspores of Nemaleon, which M. Hauck 
says (pp. 14, 59) are unknown, were described by Dr. 
Agardh, who had examined the living plant (see “Sp. 
Gen. et Ord. Algarum,” vol. ii. p. 417 (1852). 
It is to be hoped that we have found in this work the 
solution of a problem which for a long time has exercised 
the minds of algologists, namely, Does Porphyra belong 
to the Chlorosperms or to the Floridez ? 
Although the colouring of Porphyra assimilates it to 
the Floridez, yet the apparent agreement of its vegeta- 
tive structure with that of the Ulvas, and especially of 
some of the species of Monostroma, had induced the 
elder algologists to place Porphyra among the Chloro- 
phyllacez. The discovery of the fructification of the 
plants of both genera has however shown that they are 
widely separated. In Monostroma the only kind of fruc- 
tification known consists of zoospores, which, when they 
first issue from the mother-cell, are endowed with active 
motion. In Porphyra the tetraspores were first dis- 
covered, then the antheridia ; the antherozoids are mo- 
tionless. Algologists, however, still hesitated to admit 
Porphyra among the Floridex, because no cystocarpic 
fruit had yet been found. M. Hauck now tells us that 
the cystocarps of seme species are known (p. 21), and he 
describes those of P. /eucosticta, as well as the tetraspores 
and antheridia of this plant (p. 25). There can, there- 
fore, be no longer any hesitation as to including Porphyra 
among the Floridez, of which it constitutes the lowest 
family. 
On looking through the present instalment of this work, 
it will be seen that out of the 122 species, or thereabouts, 
which are described in it, about seventy are found on the, 
British coasts—nineteen of the latter are common to the 
North Sea and Adriatic—twenty-seven of them inhabit the 
Adriatic, and twenty-four the North Sea. The work, 
when complete, cannot fail therefore to prove of great 
interest to algologists in this country. 
The type is good, as well as the figures with which it 
is illustrated, and readers will no doubt be glad to know 
that in the printing German characters have not been 
used. Mary P. MERRIFIELD 
THE CHURCHMAN’S ALMANAC 
The Churchman’s Almanac for Eight Centuries (1201 74 
2000), giving the Name and Date of every Sunday: 
By W. A. Whitworth. Pp. 23. (London: ae 
Gardner, Darton, and Co., 1883.) 
SERS never surely was such an age of almanacs) 
The social change whose effects meet us on ever 
side has worked a revolution here. Some of us can calj 
to mind the time when ‘‘ Old Moore” ruled the reckonin 
in his peculiar, old-fashioned way, and Murphy blazed out 
like a meteor to expire like a farthing candle, and Zadkie! 
“Tao Sze”’ began to trade on human curiosity and cre: 
dulity. But those days are past. Instead of being = 
as of old, to make our own quiet, though limited, choice, 
