
Dene 15, 1871] 
NATURE 
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prayer. Now a reform is settingin, H. E. Halil Pasha, Director- 
General of Arsenals, brought up at Woolwich, the Rev. Mr. 
Gribble, F.R.A.S., H.M. Chaplain, and Mr. Coumbary, Di- 
rector of the Meteorological Observatory, have set up a noon- 
gun at the Tophaneh Arsenal. 
WE regret to have to record the death of M. Payen, Professor 
of Chemistry at the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers. Although 
_-seventy-six years of age, he had enjoyed very good health, and 
died suddenly of apoplexy. He had been a member of the 
Academy for twenty-nine years. An address was delivered at the 
grave by M. Decaisne, and another in the Academy by M. 
Chevreul. 
DuRinG the last siege of Paris many learned Frenchmen 
experienced heavy losses through the firing of private houses. 
_M. Bertrand lost the manuscript of the third volume of his great 
Treatise ‘‘ On the Differential and Integral Calculus.” The 
amount of labour required for writing it a second time is immense. 
M. Bertrand had calculated many formulz from new methods 
of his own invention. Many instances of similar misfortunes 
could be given, but altogether it is astonishing that the amount 
of mischief done was not even larger. During the whole of the 
rebellion the Academy, with only one exception, held its meetings 
regularly. No fact more honourable for the members can be 
written in the eventful history of the learned society. 
WE congratulate Marlborough College on the determination 
of the head master, the Rev. F. W. Farrar, to introduce an 
adequate amount of natural science as a part of the school work ; 
as well as on the selection he has made of Mr. G. Farrer 
Rodwell as Science Master, by whose appointment to Marlboro’ 
a vacancy is occasioned in the post of science master at Clifton 
College. 
Tue Examiners for the Johnson Memorial Prize Essay at 
Oxford have awarded it to Mr. James S. Gamble, B. A., Magda- 
Ten College. Proxime accesserunt: Mr. J. P. Earwaker, Merton 
College ; and the Hon. F. A. Russell, Christ Church. This 
prize is only awarded every four years, the subject this year 
_being—‘‘ On the Laws of Wind ; (1) with regard to Storms, (2) 
with regard to average Periodical Phenomena at given places on 
the Earth’s Surface.’’ 
Messrs. H. N. READ, SOLLAS, and YULE have been elected 
to exhibitions of 10/7. each for merit shown in the annual college 
examination in natural science at St. John’s College, Cambridge, 
in addition to the usual prizes in books conferred upon all of the 
first class in that examination. 
HERBERT Moc6, from Clifton College, Bristol, and S. Cook, 
private tuition, have been elected to scholarships for Natural 
Science at Pembroke College, Cambridge. 
A NATURAL SCIENCE DEmysHIP, of the annual value of 80/, 
for five years, will be given in October next at Magdalen College, 
Oxford. The limit of age is twenty years, and a sufficient know- 
ledge of classics to pass the College Matriculation Examination 
‘is also required. At the same time, and with the same papers, 
a Natural Science Postmastership, of the value of 80/. for five 
years, will be awarded at Merton. Each candidate will be con- 
sidered as standing in the first instance at the college at which 
he has put down his name, and unless he has then given notice 
to the contrary will be regarded as standing at the other College 
also. The Examination will commence on October 3. 
Pror. LIVEING gives notice that the chemical laboratory of 
the University of Cambridge will be open during the long vaca- 
tion, asin Term time. The demonstrator (Mr. Liversedge) will 
attend to give assistance to students on mornings and afternoons 
alternately during July and August. Dr. Michael Foster also 
gives notice that the physiological laboratory will be open, and 
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that, under his superintendence, Mr. Martin will give a course of 
instruction in practical physiology. 
ON Wednesday, the 7th inst., a grace passed the Senate of the 
University of Cambridge, granting 200/. from the Worts’ Furd 
to Mr. G, R. Crotch, who is about to proceed in the autumn to 
the United States of America, ex voute for the Sandwich Islands, 
New Zealand, and Australia, for the purpose of enabling him to 
collect and transmit to Cambridge specimens illustrative of the 
natural history of those parts of the world, and of any others he 
may visit, with the understanding that such specimens shall be the 
property of the University, and be accompanied by reports from 
time to time, which may hereafter be published, of the investiga- 
tions he has made and the objects he has colkected. Though 
Australia will be the basis of Mr, Crotch’s operations, he does not 
intend to confine his researches to that continent, and should the 
opportunity offer itself of visiting from its northern settlements 
the Island of New Guinea, it is to be hoped he will be able to 
avail himself of it. 
Tue following have been elected honorary members of the 
Cambridge Philosophical Society :—Sir B. C. Brodie, Dr. W. B. 
Carpenter, Capt. Clarke, R.E., Prof. Huxley, Prof. Bartholomew 
Price, Mr. W. Spottiswoode, Prof. Argelander (Bonn), Prof, 
Clebsch (Gottingen), Prof. Des Cloiseaux (Paris), Prof, Helm- 
holtz (Berlin), Prof. Wohler (Gottingen). 
In the Zimes of last Monday Mr. F. Galton calls attention to 
the small extent to which the great public schools have availed 
themselves of the opportunity of competing for the medals offered 
by the Royal Geographical Society for the best candidates in 
physical and in political geography, and to the very unprepared 
state in which those candidates who do go up present themselves. 
He believes it is the Universities that stop the way of reform, 
and suggests that one branch of geography be included as a 
necessary subject in a matriculation examination before admission 
to the Universities. 
On Trinity Monday, according to ancient custom, the Provost 
and Senior Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin, proceeded to 
the election of a fellow and of fifteen scholars. Eight candidates 
had presented themselves for the Fellowship Examination. Mr. 
William F. Burnside was declared elected as fellow, Mr. G.S. 
Minchin obtained the Madden Premium; Mr. F. Purser was 
only half a mark below Mr. Minchin. The following were 
elected classical scholars :—Tyrrell, Hewitt, Wilson, Barry, 
Hill, Baker, H. W. White, Butler, and Roberts ; and as science 
scholars :—Graham, Fitzgerald, Downing, Hackett, Byrne, and 
Adair. 
AT the annual meeting of the Royal College of Surgeons of 
Treland, held on Trinity Monday, Dr. J. H. Wharton was 
elected President, Dr. F. Kirkpatrick Vice-President, Mr. 
William Coles, Secretary ; and on the Council :—Messrs. R. 
Adams, W. Colles, A. Carte, M.D., J. Denkam, W. A. Elliott, 
A.H. Jacob, G. W. Hatchell, E. Hamilton, M.D., W. Har- 
grave, H. Irvine, W. Jameson, H. Labatt, E. Ledwich, R. 
Macnamara, J. Morgan, M.D., R. M‘Donnell, M.D., F.R.S., 
B.M‘Dowel, M.D., G.H. Porter, M.D., and A.J. Walsh. There 
was a severe contest for the Vice-Presidentship, in which Dr. 
Kirkpatrick defeated Dr. Mapother by a few votes. 
THE Gardener's Chronicle publishes more recent intelligence 
of Dr. Hooker and his party under date ‘‘ Camp, Atlas Moun- 
tains, May 19th.” They had succeeded in reaching the top of the 
crest of the Atlas, nearly due south of Morocco, at an altitude of 
about 11,500 feet, the upper 3,000 feet of which were very steep 
indeed, very rocky and stony, with a good deal of snow, and the 
temperature 24° Fahr. The flora of this upper region appears 
to be excessively poor ; they did not find a single really Alpine 
