196 
NATURE 
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[Fuly 6, 187% 

no oneat Zanzibar had beento Manime, the place where Living- 
stone was last heard of ; but Dr. Kirk had ascertained that it 
was about a month’s journey (200 or 300 miles) west of Lake 
Tanganyika, and was a thriving ivory-mart. Dr. Kirk expressed 
his hopes that, if Livingstone should have settled the problem of 
the outflow of Tanganyika, he would be satisfied, and leave all 
the rest of the work to future travellers, seeing that he has been 
out upwards of five years, and must sorely want rest. Abundant 
supplies were awaiting the great traveller's orders at Ujiji, on 
the shores of the lake.—Letters were read from Dr. J. D. 
Hooker to Sir Roderick Murchison, giving a description of his 
recent ascent of the Atlas Mountains, at two points south-west 
of the city of Marocco, On the first attempt, Dr. Hooker’s 
party ascended to 12,000 feet ; and on the second to the summit 
of a peak, further westward, 11,500 feet high. Storms of snow 
and hail were encountered near the crests ; but the snow seemed 
to lie more compactly, and to a lower level (7,000 feet) further 
east. Constant humid and cold winds from the north are the 
cause of the low temperature, in consequence of which northern 
species of plants are found on the Atlas, to the exclusion of 
southern types.—A paper was read by Captain A. F. P. Har- 
court on the districts of Kooloo, Lahoul, and Spiti, in Northern 
India ; and a second one, by Major Sladen, on an exploration 
between the Irrawady and south-western China. Sir Donald 
MacLeod (late governor of the Punjaub), Sir Arthur Phayre, 
General Fytche (Commissioner of British Burmah), Colonel H. 
Yule, Mr. T. T. Cooper, Sir John Bowring, and others took 
part in the discussion, which followed the reading of the two 
papers.—The President announced that the Council had renewed, 
for the year 1872, the offer of geological prize medals to the chief 
public schools ; and that the special subject for the year, both in 
the physical and the political divisions, would be South America. 
A proposition from the president for a vote of thanks to the 
Chancellor and Senate of the London University, for the use of 
their great hall, met with unanimous approval. The president 
stated that, although the ordinary meetings of the session had 
terminated, it was likely that a special sitting would be held to 
receive the Emperor of Brazil, an honorary member of the Society, 
should his Majesty accept, on his arrival, the invitation the 
Council had forwarded. 
Anthropological Institute, June 19.—Sir John Lubbock, 
Bart., president, in the chair. Mr. G. Latimer was elected a 
local secretary for Puerto Rico and Logan; Dr. D. H. Russell 
was elected a local secretary for Bonny, west coast of 
Africa.—Prof. Busk exhibited two human jaws of remarkable 
thickness found in the superficial deposit of a cave near Sarawak, 
Borneo.—Mr. Josiah Harris exhibited from Macabi Island, off 
the coast of Peru, wood carvings, pottery, and cotton rags. The 
rags extended many hundred yards at an average thickness of 
five feet, and below a deposit of several feet of guano. The 
wood and pottery were discovered at a depth in the guano of 
from fifteen to forty-five feet.—Mr. G. M. Atkinson communi- 
cated some interesting facts connected with the discovery of a 
kitchen-midden in Cork harbour.—Mr. H. W. Flower exhibited 
a large jade implement from New Zealand.—A paper by Mr. 
A McDonald was then read, ‘‘On the Mode of Preserving the 
Dead among the Natives of Queensland.”—Dr. Sinclair Holden 
contributed a paper “On Forms of Ancient Interments in An- 
trim ;” and Mr. Hodden M. Westropp read a paper ‘‘ On Analo- 
gies and Coincidences among Unconnected Nations.” 
DUBLIN 
Royal Irish Academy, April 24.—The Rev. J. H. Jellett, 
president, in the chair. Mr. R. C. Tichbourne read a report on 
the molecular dissociation by heat of compounds in solution. 
The Rey. Dr. W. Reeves read a paper onthe Irish tract by 
Onegus the Culdee, on the mothers of the saints of Ireland. 
PARIS 
Académie Francaise.—This is the most ancient of the 
French Academies, its special object being the publication of 
a Dictionary of the French language, which is thus officially 
protected against innovations. No word is considered classical 
without being duly registered in the Dictionary of the French 
Academy. Several editions have appeared successively, each of 
them containing many alterations. The next edition will soon 
be published, and is just now in active preparation, On June 29 
the French Academy elected its Perpetual Secretary. All the 
votes were taken by M. Patin, a member of the Institute for 
the last twenty-eight years, and Professor of Greek Literature at 
the Sorbonne, The principal work of M. Patin is a study of 



the Greek tragedians, which is highly esteemel in France and 
abroad. The late Perpetual Secretary was the celebrated M. 
Villemain, a great friend of M. Guizot, anda former Minister 
of State in Louis Philippe’s time. The election of M. Patin, 
although undisputed, was an event in the academical world, and 
many members left their residences, and even foreign lands, to 
vote for him. Amongst these learned travellers we must notice 
Father Gratry, of London, and the Marquis de Noailles, French 
Ambassador in London. MM. Guizot, Octave Feuillet, Nisard, 
&c., were present. 
Academie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres. — This 
Academy has also been engaged in filling the vacancies death had 
created in its ranks. M. Villemain was an ordinary member of 
this Academy. A scrutiny took place on the 3oth ult., for the 
election of his successor. M. Charles Thurot was nominated by 
twenty-three votes against very few given to four other candidates. 
The Academy had also to vote for a successor to M. Alexandre, 
an inspector of the Academy, who was known merely by the pub- 
lication of a Greek dictionary, which is the most usetul in grammar 
schools, The succession to this office was more vigorously con- 
tested. M. de Roziére was elected only after a scrutiny, since a 
candidate must receive the actual majority of votes. A corre- 
spondent was also appointed. The successful candidate was M. 
Amari, an Italian learned antiquary of universal celebrity. All 
these nominations will be submitted to M. Thiers for approval, 
but it is a mere formality, and the assent of the Executive has 
never been refused for more than thirty years. M. Thiers him- 
self isa member of the Institute, belonging to the Academie 
Francaise. 
Academie des Sciences Morales.—The last sitting was 
occupied by a discussion raised by M. Egger on the degree 
of perception and intelligence in children. The question is 
to ascertain if infants are inferior or superior to ordinary animals 
in their mental condition. The reasoning of the learned 
member was grounded more on theoretical grounds than on 
actual observation of facts. None of the arguments offered 
were supposed to be conclusive, and the problem is left open for 
future investigations. 


BOOKS RECEIVED 
ENGLISH.—Travels in Central America: Mrs. M. F. Squier (Triibner and 
Co.).—A Practical Treatise on the Manufacture of Soap: Dr. C. Morfit 
(Triibner and Co.).—Overland through Asia: T. W. Knox (Triibner and 
Co.).— Notes on the Food of Plants: C. C. Grundy (Simpkin and Marshall). 
—Transactions of the Woolhope Naturalists’ Field Club tor 1870. 
ForgicN.—(Through Williams and Norgate)—Bericht iiber die wissen- 
schaftliche Leistungen im Gebiete der Entomologie wahrend der Jahre 
1867-68 ; Brauer u. Gerstaecker.—Lehrbuch der ailgemeinen Zoologie: G. 
Jaeger.—Die Molecular-gesetze dergestellt: Dr. C. Wittwer. 


CONTENTS 
SENSATION AND SCIENCE . 
BAsTIAN ON THE ORIGIN OF Lire. By A, R. Watvace, F.Z.S. . . 178 
Tne WorksHop. By W. Martigu Wittiams, F.C.S. . . . . . 179 
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR :— 
A New View of Darwinism.—CuarLes Darwin, F.R.S. ; ALFRED 
R. Wactace, F.Z.S. Oe. A Or ED beth hd fs 180 
Our Natural History Museum... . cite outs 181 
Steam Lifeboats.—Lieut. JoHN FELLowes, R.N. . . .. .- 18r 
The Internal Structure of the Earth—H. Hennessy, F.R.S. . 182 
Oceanic Circulation.—W. B. CARPENTER, F.R.S.; RicHARD A. 
Ua Voleloy LE Onno eo nO oNGbolclo os 7 bs 
Day Auroas.—JoHN Lucas. a aie ee ie ye: et Je; oh he Ce aces 
The Solar Parallax.—RicHarp A. Proctor, F.R.A.S. . . . - 183 
Lee Shelter.—Dr. C. M. INGLEBy a* el en ieee as at 383 
AFFINITIES OF THE SPONGES. By W. SavILLE Kent, F.Z.S. . . . 184 
On Recent Moa REMAINS IN New ZEALAND. By Dr. J. Hecror, 
1) a OMRON Meo feo wo 8 Go 
On THE GASEOUS AND Liquip StaTes oF MarrTer. (With [ilustra- 
777 ye CO CECT EECESGe ON mtolech oS ol SS 
ON AN ADDITIONAL TRUE Rip IN THE HuMAN Susject. By J. Bes- 
LCL) re pecRiGn cs! Of oO God. o de bho SE 
ey) Sa See COL ret OO OO ise Seal ciieceia iS 
First RerorT OF THE SCHEME OF EpucATION COMMITTEE OF THE 
Lonpon ScHoot Boarp . : Suk ogde, «lets! cat cyeta ja ace 
Mr. BENTHAM'S ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS TO THE LINNEAN SOCIETY 
(Concluded) 5 ii. 2) een tn eliet ral ss Fe) Sete <= Oe 
SCIENTIFIC SERIALS | (o/s ss ae aeene mee y ie mnra ots) re oye + 104 
SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. =) fous c-( (0 © © © «© 6») © sen G5 
BOOKS RECEIVED) = = scenic taste iene 5 rier <1) 


ErrATA.—Vol. 1v., p. 168, 2nd column, line 28 from bottom, for ‘‘ the 
Rey. ‘IT. C. Maggs” read ‘‘ Mr, ‘Lf. C. Maggs”; p. 174, 2nd column, line 31 
from bottom, for ‘‘ Nicturation” read ‘‘ Micturition.” 
