434 
instrument is that of Mr. Peelor, of Johnstown, Pennsyl- 
vania, used with great success and satisfaction by the 
Signal Service. This needs no battery, no electricity, to 
work it. A simple clock-work is all that is required, and 
its operations are as exquisitely accurate and trustworthy 
as the best navy chronometer. 
A barograph and thermograph made by Mr. Beck, of 
London, similar to those used in the Kew Observatory, 
are on trial in the Signal Office, and good results are 
hoped from them. Their beautiful machinery might also 
be mentioned and described, but our space fails. Indeed, 
our limits have allowed mention to be made only of the 
most novel instruments employed by the signal offices. 
A specimen record of one of theseis presented in Fig. 10, 
showing the synchronous readings, on a given day and at 
a given place, of the thermometers (wet and dry bulb), the 
hygrometer, and the barometer, all upon one sheet of 
paper. 
We have already spoken of the beautiful adaptation of 
Prof. Hough’s Meteorograph to the work of printing its 
own registrations. The mechanics of meteorology have 
been advanced one step higher than this, and the regis- 
trations of the automaton are instantly and perfectly pho- 
tographed. The sheet of paper, suitably prepared for 
photographic impressions, is made to slide, by means of 
clock-work, before a gas flame. The mercury in the tubes 
protects a portion of the paper from the action of the light 
of the lamp, while above the mercury the rays of the lamp 
fall unobstructed upon the paper, and, making their im- 
pression, reveal the exact height of the mercury in the 
tubes. 
The “ photograph of a storm,” Fig. 11, shows the move- 
ments of the mercury in the two thermometers and baro- 
meter for twelve hours. 
This process, by which the weather is photographed, is 
employed by General Myer, and these necessarily exact 
records will prove most attractive pictorial representations 
of the great storms in the atmospheric ocean for the study 
of meteorologists all over the world. 

THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION AT 
VIENNA FOR 1873 
ope Emperor of Austria has appointed an Imperial 
Commission to carry out the project of an Interna- 
tional Exhibition to be held at Vienna in 1873. The 
members of the Commission held their inaugural meeting 
in the hall of the Imperial Academy of Sciences at Vienna 
on Sunday, the 17th of September, under the presidency 
of the Archduke Rainer, 
The Exhibition is intended to be opened on the Ist of 
May, 1873, under the especial patronage of the Emperor 
and his brother, the Archduke Charles Louis. The Com- 
mission, which is composed after the models of the English 
and French Commissions, consists of the Archduke Rainer, 
president ; the Lord Steward of the Imperial Household, 
Prince zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfiirst ; the Imperial Chan- 
cellor, Minister of the Imperial House and for Foreign 
Affairs, Count von Beust ; Prince zu Liechtenstein. Prince 
Schwarzenberg, Count Festetitz, and Count Potocki, vice- 
presidents; and the Lord High Chamberlain, Count 
Folliot de Crenneville, and other high courtiers, the Min- 
isters and heads of departments, the Presidents of both 
Houses of the Reichsrath, the presidents of the chief 
artistic, commercial, and scientific societies, and a number 
of gentlemen who have distinguished themselves in the 
various branches of science, art, and industry. 
The entire arrangements have been entrusted to the 
Austrian Consul-General at Paris, Privy Councillor Baron 
de Schwarz-Senborn, who has been nominated Director- 
General of the Exhibition. Local committees are about 
to be formed in the various provinces of Austria and 
Hungary, and a special Royal Commission is to be ap- 
pointed at Pesth, The objects to be exhibited will be 
NATURE 


7 
[ Sepz. 28, 1871 

classified into 26 different groups, as detailed in the sub- 
oined programme. 
One great feature of the Exhibition will be an arrange- 
ment for the classification of the productions of all 
countries in groups corresponding with their geographical 
position, and great pains will be taken to render the 
Oriental department in every way worthy of the almost in- 
exhaustible resources of the Indian Empire. The posi- 
tion of Vienna is admirably adapted for this, having, 
besides the waters of the Danube, a direct communication 
with all the important harbours of the Levant v/d Trieste. 
The arrangement of the Eastern department will be con- 
fided to the Austrian Consul at Constantinople, Dr. de 
Schwegel, who has already acquired a great reputation 
for his knowledge of Oriental habits and productions. 
A new feature of the Exhibition will be an arrangement 
by which the treasured collections of the various museums 
of London, Paris, Berlin, Moscow, Lyons, Munich, Stutt- 
gard, &c., will appear in simultaneous position, and it is 
further intended to represent a history of inventions, a 
history of prices, a history of industry, and a history of 
natural productions, so that the world’s progress in arts, — 
p p prog > 
science, industry, and natural products, will thus be brought 
into contrast. The Emperor of Austria has granted the 
use of the “ Prater” for the site of the exhibition, and 
Mr. Scott Russell is at present in Vienna consulting with 
Baron von Schwarz as to the design for the building. 
Chevalier de Schaeffer, Director of the Austrian Consu- 
late General in London, who gained great experience at 
the London and Paris Exhibitions, has been entrusted 
with the preliminary arrangements respecting the contri- 
butions to be sent to the Exhibition from Great Britain. 
The objects to be exhibited will be classified in the 
following twenty-six groups :—1, Mining and Metallurgy ; 
2, Agriculture and Forestry ; 3, Chemical jindustry ; 4, 
Articles of food as industrial products ; 5, Textile industry 
and clothing ; 6, Leather and india-rubber industry ; 7, 
Metal industry ; 8, Wood industry; 9, Stone, Earthen- 
ware, and Glass industry ; 10, Hardware industry ; it, 
Paper industry; 12, Graphical Arts and Industrial 
Drawing ; 13, Machinery and means of transport ; 14, 
Scientific instruments; 15, Nautical instruments; 16, 
Military accoutrements ; 17, Maritime objects ; 18, Archi- 
tectural and Engineering objects; 19, Cottage houses, 
their interior arrangements and decorations ; 20, Peasant 
houses, with their implements and arrangements ; 21, 
National domestic industry ; 22, Representation of the 
operation of Museums of Art and Industry ; 23, Eccle- 
siastical Art ; 24, Objects of Art and Industry of former 
times, exhibited by amateurs and collectors ; 25, Plastic 
Art of the present time; 26, Objects of Education, 
Training, and Mental Cultivation. 
Arrangements will be made for temporary exhibitions 
of such articles which by theirnature do not admit of an 
exposition of long duration. 
During the time the Exhibition is held, International 
Congresses are contemplated for the discussion of important 
questions to which either the Exhibition itself may give 
rise, or which may be specially suggested as themes 
suitable for international consideration. 
The arrangement of the Exhibition will be geographical, 
that is to say, according to countries, but in such a 
manner that the different territories of production shall 
appear as nearly as possible in the same order as they are 
situated naturally in the direction from the west to the 
east. 
SCIENTIFIC USE OF THE MONT CENIS 
TUNNEL 
At the sitting of the French Academy of Sciences on 
the 18th inst., M. Elie de Beaumont read an elaborate 
paper on the scientific instruction which may be derived 
from a close examination of the collection which is to 

a 
