84 
NATURE 
[ Fune 2, 1870 
et 
Transactions, besides numerous articles on special cases of Parthe- 
nogenesis in certain gall-flies, solitary wasps, spiders, and mites), 
(18) Protista, (19) Protoplasm, (20) Rhizocrinus, which sent 
forth our late deep-sea dredging expeditions, (21) Sawroids 
and Sauropsida, (22) Sphegide (insects whose marvellous instincts 
have been described by Lespes and other observers), and (23) 
Vivisection and its results. 
A few of these subjects are discussed in articles devoted to 
more general matters ; for example, (8) is noticed, but not figured 
or even systematically described, under Foraminifera, Laurentian 
Formations, and Paleontology, and (9) is referred to in the last- 
named article ; (12) is mentioned in Sfoxgiadz, and more fully 
described, but not figured, in A/cyonaria ; (17) is alluded to, in 
so far as the researches of Huxley and Lubbock go, in the article 
Aphis ; (19) is noticed under Ce/ls ; and (21) Sauropsida is de- 
fined in the article on Birds. 
Cross references, which, like illustrations, have been far too 
scantily employed in these volumes, would have partly removed 
this source of complaint, as for example Sauropsida [Birds, 
E.C.S.] 
On the following subjects our knowledge has not been brought 
up to what can with every allowance, be called a recent date :— 
(1) Aerolites, latest reference 1861, and no bibliography ; (2) 
Alca, latest reference 1861 ; (3) Avszelida contains no reference 
to Claparéde’s appalling criticism on De Quatrefages’ researches ; 
(4) Arch@opteryx has no reference to Huxtey’s papers ; (4) Blood 
contains no reference to late researches on the structure of the 
corpuscles, to the occurrence of Protagon in them, or to the re- 
markablecolour-test for blood, discovered by Dr. Day of Geelong, 
which has succeeded in detecting old blood spots, when even spec- 
trum analysis in the hands of its great master, Mr. Sorby, 
has failed; and Dr. Richardson is stated to hold the opinion 
that the fibrin is held-in solution in the body by ammonia, 
although it is well known that, witha moral courage which can- 
not be sufficiently commended, he publicly (at a meeting of the 
British Association some years ago) renounced that opinion as 
soon as he found it was untenable ; (5) Birds of Paradise would 
have been a more satisfactory article if it had had the benefit of 
Mr. Wallace’s supervision ; (6) Zoraminifera would have been 
all the better if the writer had been acquainted with Hackel’s 
splendid monograph on the Radiolaria; (7) Nervous Systeme is 
perhaps the most imperfect article in the whole volume. It con- 
tains no reference to the labours of Gratiolet, Lockart Clarke, 
Brown-Sequard, Claude Bernard, Robin, Philippeaux, or Vul- 
pian on the minute structure and the physiology of the nerves, 
while the chemistry of the brain is discussed without a reference 
to Protagon or Neurine. The synthetical formation of the latter 
is surely of sufficient interest to deserve notice. 
Regard for the value of space in your columns alone prevents 
me from prolonging the list of imperfect articles. 
The English Cyclopzdia is, as I presume everyone will admit, 
intended for ‘‘all sorts and conditions of men,” for ‘‘ women 
labouring with child” (if we use the phrase in the same sense 
as a German governess, who is said to have expatiated to a 
popular bishop on the comprehensiyeness of a church-service 
that did not even overlook the daily cares of those who 
devoted themselves to the duties of early education), and even 
for children; at all events I read the ‘‘ Penny” with great 
pleasure as a boy. Hence it should be a source of knowledge 
from which we might expect to find information in all cases of 
ordinary difficulty. To decide how far this assumption is cor- 
rect, I put it to the test in the following way:—I read Huxley’s 
splendid address ‘‘ On the recent progress of Palecontology” which 
lately appeared in your columns, and the ‘‘ Report on a Close 
Time for Birds” in the last volume of the British Association 
Reports. I freely admit that I am not learned in Natural 
History ; but as an old country doctor, I probably picked up 
quite as much knowledge in my youth, as the average class of 
“ Cyclopzedia”’ readers. None of the following terms taken 
from Huxley’s address are to be found either in the Index to the 
Cyclopedia, or in the Supplement :—dmphycion, Anchithe- 
rium, Anthracosaurus, Artiodactyle, Cainotherium, Charopotamus, 
Coccoliths, Coccospheres, Compsognathus, Coryphodon, Dicynodes, 
Didelphia, Dinosauria, Discoliths, Elasmobranchs, Lophyton, 
Eoz00n, Evolution, Galeosaurus, Globigerine, Hipparion, Hippa- 
ritherium, Homotaxis, Hyenictis, Hyenoartos, Hyopotamus, Hyra- 
cotherium, Ictitherium, Mesopithecus, Microlestes, Monadelphia, 
Omalodotherium, Ornithodelphia, Ornithoscelida, Orycteropus, 
Perissodactyle, Phaseolotherium, Pliolophus, Plerosauria, Saurop- 
sida, Stereognathus, Typotherium, 
I will not go further into the ‘‘ Close Time” Report than to 
state that I learn from it the important fact that owls eat, 
inter aha, ** Arvicole, Crocidura, Crossopi, Hypudet, Sorices, 
shrews and yoles.” I Jook in vain for all these inviting edibles, 
and I find only ypudeus in the Cyclopzedia, and what benefit 
do I derive from my search? Only that //ypudeus is sometimes 
spelt Hipudeus. A learned friend, who is ever ready and able 
to remove difficulties from the paths of his weaker brethren—the 
genial guardian of Kent’s Cavern—suggested that it was some- 
thing in the mouse or rat line, and so I turned to A/uvide, where 
I found the required information regarding that animal and the 
voles. 
It is not for the purpose of depreciating the Supplement to the 
English Cyclopzdia that I have noticed the above omissions ant 
deficiencies, but with the object of pointing out how they may 
still be remedied. The Supplement has evidently been drawn up 
without any editorial care. Let a duly-qualified editor obtain a 
list of destderata {rom some botanist, geologist, and zoologist of 
eminence; and let him fix upon the articles that he deems the 
most important, and give them toquatified writers. Let him attend 
duly to the compilation of bibliographies of the most important 
subjects, and let him increase to an enormous extent the amount 
of cross references. The article AZuride, from which I exhumed 
Hypudeus, would probably yield fifty references. 
A few subjects—as birds and hydrozoa—are fairly supple- 
mented. Why should not similar articles be given us on the 
progress, during the last sixteen years, of our knowledge of the 
crustaceans, insects, fishes, reptiles, &c.? An additional supple- 
ment, suchas I have here suggested, would probably not occupy 
more than I09 pages. 
NeEMo 
South Devon 
ADMIRAL MANNERS 
DMIRAL RUSSELL HENRY MANNERS was born in 
London on the 31st of January, 1800, entered the 
Royal Naval College the 6th of May, 1813, and embarked 
March the 6th, 1816, as a volunteer on board the J/znden, 
74, Captain Paterson, in which, after assisting at the 
bombardment of Algiers, he proceeded to the East Indies, 
where he served under the flag of Sir Richard King, until 
nominated midshipman, the Ist of July, 1818, to the 
Orlando, 36, commanded by Captain John Clavell, with 
whom; in 1819, he returned to England on the MJadadar, 
74. After an intermediate employment on the Channel 
and West India stations in the Sfarfan and Pyramius 
frigates under Captains William Furlong Wise and 
Francis Newcombe, he became, the 29th of July, 1822, 
Acting Lieutenant of the Zy#e, 26, Captain John Edward 
Walcot, to which vessel the Admiralty confirmed him the 
19th of October following. In May 1823, he rejoined the 
Pyramus, still commanded by Captain Newcombe, under 
whom he continued until he obtained his promotion on 
the 16th of August, 1825. His last appointment was on 
the 21st of October, 1827, to the command of the 
Britomart, 10. The Britomart was first employed and 
intended for the Channel service under the order of the 
Commander-in-Chief, the Earl of Northesk, at Plymouth. 
She accompanied the squadron of ships escorting Don 
Miguel to Lisbon in the early part of 1828. In conse- 
quence of the revolution that followed in Portugal on 
Don Miguel declaring himself absolute, the Britomart 
was stationed at and off Oporto to watch the British in- 
terests there. The Constitutional party, failing to restore 
the Constitution against the usurped position of Don 
Miguel, the British Government withdrew her Minister 
from Lisbon, leaving the British interests in the hands of 
the Consul only, and Capt. Manners was selected to be in 
readiness to support him in case of need by keeping in 
sight of signals from Lisbon as long as the safety of the 
vessel permitted, but not to anchor within any Portuguese 
port unless absolutely necessary. This involved a long 
and vigilant cruising off and on the coast for about eight 
months, and through the whole of the winter. The only 
