128 
NATURE 
[Fue 16, 1870 
were elected, for the same cause, to exhibitions of 20/. and 107, 
respectively. Mr. Garrod obtained in 1868 the Natural Science 
exhibition of 50/. per annum, open to students commencing their 
residence. 
Tue committee who organised courses of lectures for women 
at Cambridge last year have issued the following scheme of 
lectures for the academical year 1870-71. They will b2 de- 
livered, generally speaking, twice a week within the period of 
University residence :—English History, by Pro‘essor Sceley. 
English Literature, by W. G. Clark, M.A., and others. It 
is proposed to give a series of short ccurses on different de- 
partments of English literature. They will be delivered once 
a week during the October Term, certainly, and, if possible, 
during the whole academical year, commencing with a course 
on ‘‘Shakespeare and the Elizabethan Dramatists” by Mr. 
Clark. English Language and Literature, by W. W. Skeat, 
M.A. ; Latin, by J. E. B. Mayor, M.A., and A. Holmes, M.A. 
(Elementary Lectures) ; Greek, by J. Peile, M.A. ; German, by 
W. C. Green, M.A. ; French, by M. Boquel ; Algebra and the 
Principles of Arithmetic, by Professor Cayley ; Practical Arith- 
metic, by J. F. Moulton, B.A.; Geometry and Elements of 
Physics treated Historically, by W. K. Clifford, B.A. ; Logic, 
by J. Venn, M.A. ; Political Economy, by A. Marshall, M.A. ; 
Geology, by T.G. Bonney, B.D. (Botany, by Professor 
Babington, will be substituted for Geology in the Easter Term) ; 
Chemistry, by P. T. Main, M.A.; Harmony and Thorough 
Bass, by G. M. Garrett, Mus. D. ; Theory of Sound in its ap- 
plication to Music popularly and experimentally treated, by S. 
Taylor, M.A. All persons wishing to attend any of these lec- 
tures in the next October Term are requested to apply to the 
Rev. G. F. Browne, St. Catherine’s College, on or before the 
ist of October. The committee announce the following Exhibi- 
tions :—One of 40/. per annum for two years, to be given to one 
of the senior candidates in the Cambridge Local Examinations, 
January, 1871, according to the report of the examiners. At- 
tendance at two courses of lectures in every Term will be re- 
quired as a condition of receiving the Exhibition in each year. 
Given by Mr. Mill and Miss Taylor. One of 20/. for one year 
together with free admission to three courses of lectures in each 
Term; and one of 10/. for one year. Given by Mrs. Adams. 
These two will be given by two of the candidates in the Cam- 
bridge Examination for Women, July, 1870, according to the 
report of the examiners. Attendance at two courses of lectures 
during each of two Terms at least will be required as a condition 
of receiving either of these Exhibitions. 
THE following elections to scholarships have been made at Gon- 
ville and Caius College, Cambridge: G. Warington, 50/., for 
chemistry ; G. J. Romanes, 20/., for anatomy and physiology. 
We hope that this College, which has been peculiarly prolific 
in eminent medical men, will soon follow the example of 
some of its neighbours in offering open scholarships for Natural 
Science. 
Dr. ALBERT WALSH was elected, at a meeting of the Royal 
College of Surgeons of Ireland, held on the 13th inst., as president 
of the college for this year, and Dr. Wharton was elected vice- 
president. The only alteration in the council was the election of 
Dr. Butcher, by a small majority, in place of Dr. Mapother. 
THE examination for the vacant fellowship in Trinity College, 
Dublin, commenced on the 30th May, and concluded on the 
11th inst. The following numbers represent the highest possible 
answering in each of the three courses. Mathematics, 1,250 
(pure 1,000, experimental science 250), classics 750 (classics 
650, Hebrew and cognate languages 100), mental and moral 
science 500. The election took place on Trinity Monday, when 
George Cathcart was elected fellow and the Madden Prize was 
given to W. S. Burnside. 
Tue Academy, referring to Mr. Lockyer’s recent observations 
that the various vapour-currents in the solar envelope, 
which has been called the chromosphere, and defined as possibly 
the outer layer of the sun’s atmosphere, were so rapid and 
violent that the position of the hydrogen lines in the spectrum 
was altered, and that by noting the amount of alteration, the 
actual velocity of these ‘solar storms,” as Mr. Lockyer has 
termed them, could be determined without difficulty ; states that 
Father Secchi, of Rome, who a long time ago denied the 
accuracy of these observations, and the validity of these con- 
clusions, has quite recently returned to the charge. Father 
Secchi asserts that the alterations observed in the wave-length 
are really due to the swz’s rotation, and then he proves by cal- 
culation that the velocity of the sun’s surface at the equator is 429 
kilometres per second. He next calculates what alteration this 
motion should make in the position of the hydrogen lines in the 
spectrum ; and last of all he points his spectroscope to the sun 
and sees exactly such alterations as his calculations require. Now 
this at first appears a final answer to Mr, Lockyer, but Volpi- 
celli and Fizeau have pointed out that Father Secchi’s calcula- 
tion in fact ‘shows him to be ignorant of Mr. Lockyer’s reason- 
ing, and that his 429 kilometres per second should really read two 
kilometres. 
THE Gardener's Chronicle congratulates us on finding that our 
friends across the Channe! have as characteristic a Circumlocu- 
tion Office as ourselves. Here is what the French papers say 
on the matter:—A provincial druggist, desirous of gathering 
Fox-glove (Digitalis) in one of the State forests, applied for per- 
mission to the local authority (garde général local), offering at 
the same time to pay an annual sum of six francs for the privi- 
lege. The local magnate transmitted the request to his in- 
spector, who forwarded it to the Conservator of the department, 
who despatched it to Paris to the Director-General of Forests, 
who caused it to be sent to the Minister of Finance. The 
Minister referred it ‘‘ for study” to the Director-General of 
Domains, who sent it to the Departmental Director of Domains 
to be examined by the Registrar. The latter, after examination, 
pronounced a favourable opinion on the request, and sent it 
back to the Departmental Director, who forwarded it to the 
General Director, who, in his turn, despatched it to the Minister, 
through the agency of the General Secretary of Finance, who 
availed himself of the opportunity to make his comments 
on the matter. Then the unhappy druggist’s request was 
returned to the Director-General of Forests, who sent it to the 
Conservator, he to the inspector, and the inspector to the garde 
ginéral, who was the original recipient of the request. The 
authority “to cull simples,” at length reached the successor of 
the original postulant, and at an age when he was too old to 
herborise. We hope this style of management will not be en- 
grafted on to our Indian forest department, already well provided 
in this way. 
THE lecture next Sunday evening at St. George's Hall, Lang- 
ham Place, under the auspices of the Sunday Lecture Society, 
will be delivered by Mr. D. Forbes, F.R.S, The subject is 
“© Volcanoes.” 
M. CLAUDE BERNARD commenced yesterday in the amphi- 
theatre of the geological gallery his course of lectures on general 
physiology at the Museum of Natural History, Paris. He will 
treat of the general principles of physiology, especially from the 
point of view of its relation to the other sciences. 
Dr. MAXWELL T. MASTERs is engaged in editing a new edition 
of ‘‘ Henfrey’s Elementary Course of Botany,” condensed, and 
in many parts re-written, which will be published in a few days. 
Dr. R. VircHow has contributed to a recent number of the 
Zeitschrift fiir Ethnologie an interesting article on ‘‘ Portrait or 
oe 
