240 
for a similar work. Prize for Experimental Physiology : to M. 
Famitzin for his researches on the influence of light on the 
nutrition of plants ; a prize of 600 francs to MM. Tripier and 
Arloing for their discoveries respecting the cutaneous sensitive 
nerves. Prize for Medicine and Surgery, Monthyon foundation : 
a prize of 3,000 francs to M. Junod for his MS. work, entitled 
Des médications hémospasique et aérothévapique; two prizes of 
2,000 francs to M. H. V. Luschka for his works on anatomy 
and to MM. Paulet and Sarazin for their treatise on topographic 
anatomy. Prize for the Unhealthy Arts: two prizes of 2,500 
francs to M. Pimont for his Calorifuge plastigue and to M. 
Charriére for his life-preservers. Bréant Prize: a prize of 
5,000 francs to M. Fauvel for his works on the etiology and the 
prophylaxis of cholera. Cuvier Prize to Professor Ehrenberg, 
of Berlin. Bordin Prize, for a monograph of an inverte- 
brate marine animal, divided between M. Marion, author of 
“Zoological and Anatomical Researches on the non-parasitic 
imarine Nematoida,” and M. A. Wagner, author of a mono- 
graph of the Avcei of the Gulf of Naples. Jecker Prize to 
M. Friedel, for his researches on the compounds of silicon corre- 
sponding to the compounds of organic origin. Barbier Prize, 
divided between M. Mirault on the surgical occlusion of the eye- 
lids in the treatment of double ectropion, and M. B, Stilling, 
for the perfecting of the operation of ovariotomy. Godard Prize 
to M. Hyrtl, for his researches on the genito-urinal organs of fish. 
Desmaziéres Prize, divided between M. L. Rabenhorst for his 
European flora of fresh-water and marine algze, and M. A. Hof- 
mann, for his memoir on Bacteria. Thor Prize to M. Bonnet, 
for his work on the edible truffle. The Mathematical Prize of 
3,000 francs, the Damoiseau Prize for the theory of the satellites 
of Jupiter, and the Medical and Surgical Prize for the application 
of electricity to therapeutics have not been awarded. 
THE monument to Kepler, to which we alluded some weeks 
since, was inaugurated on the 24th June, with great é/at, at his 
native place, the little town of Weildiestadt, in Wurtemburg. 
The statue is of bronze, ten feet high, in a sitting posture. In 
his left hand, supported ona celestial globe, he holds a parchment 
on which is drawn an ellipse ; in his right hand is an open com- 
pass; he is looking towards the heavens. The four corners of 
the pedestal are adorned with statues, five feet in height, repre- 
senting M. Mastling, the Professor at Tiibingen who taught 
Kepler mathematics, Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, and Jobst Byrg, 
the mechanician who assisted in the construction of his optical 
and astronomical instruments. In the centre of the pedestal is 
the single word, KEPLER; on each side are bas-reliefs, repre- 
senting different circumstances in his life :—Kepler, at the age of 
seventeen, entering the lecture-room of Professor Mastling, at 
Tiibingen, who holds the young pupil by the hand, and explains 
to him the Copernican system; the discussion between Tycho 
Brahé and Kepler on the system of the world, in the presence 
of the Emperor Rudolph and of Wallenstein ; and Kepler and 
Byrg in their workshop at Prague, making their first use of 
the telescope for astronomical observations. The monument 
is the work of the sculptor, Kreling, director of the School of 
Fine Arts at Niiremberg; the statues and bas-reliefs were cast 
and chiselled in the workshops of MM. Lenz and Herold in 
the same town; the pedestal of red sandstone, from a quarry 
in the neighbourhood of Weildiestadt, was constructed by the 
architect Egle, of Stuttgart. 
Ar the Working Men’s International Exhibition now being 
held at the Agricultural Hall at Islington, one of the most 
interesting objects is a reflecting telescope, exhibited by Mr. T. 
W. Bush, a baker and grocer in one of the more humble streets 
of Nottingham. It has specula about thirteen inches in diameter, 
is equatorially mounted, and presents several novel features of 
construction that are claimed as improvements. Mr. Bush is a 
self-taught astronomer, mathematician, and mechanic, He has 
NATURE 
= se 2 o 
Y 
|Fuly 21, 1870 
made, without assistance, the whole of the calculations necessary 
for the construction of the instrument, and has constructed the 
models for all its parts. With the exception of the prism and 
some of the more bulky parts, the whole of the telescope, the 
brass and iron work, the cutting of the sections, the graduation 
of the circles and verniers, the casting, grinding, and polishing 
of the metal speculum, the grinding and polishing of the glass 
speculum, and even the making of the tools and machinery re- 
quired, have been the work of his own hands. The specula have 
been tested by Purkiss’s process and proved correct, and the 
telescope has been found to divide satisfactorily such double 
stars as 7 Corone, €¢ Bootis, and ¢ Herculis. Its performance 
on the moon and on nebule is also very fine, and it has 
been used with a magnifying power of 1,400. Unfortunately, 
Mr. Bush lives in a low situation close to the River Lene, to a 
canal, and to smoke-yielding factories, and his observations have 
been hindered by the state of the atmosphere in his vicinity. 
ANOTHER object of interest at the same Exhibition is a display ot 
iron, obtained by a process invented by Sir Antonio Brady, from 
some of that dockyard refuse irreverently described as ‘‘ Seely’s 
pigs,” and which has been the subject of discussion both in Par- 
liament and by the Press. These pigs were of different qualities, 
but were all largely contaminated with phosphorus and sulphur, 
and were supposed to be of little or no value. The presence 
of phosphorus renders iron brittle when it is hot, the presence of 
sulphur renders it brittle when it is cold. The pigs containing 
both were worth in the market about 2/7. 55> per ton. By Sir 
Antonio’s process the sulphur and the phosphorus can be ex- 
tracted at a cost of about 35s. per ton, and the residual iron is 
superb. It bears any and every test. One of the pieces exhi- 
bited had been beaten cold tothe thinness of writing paper at one 
end, drawn to a point at the other, and then twisted by hand 
eight turns in an inch ata single heating. Massive bars had 
been beaten cold until the surfaces on each side of the bend came 
into perfect contact, and a plate six inches wide and half-an-inch 
thick had been beaten till its edges were in contact, the flat 
surface remaining horizontal. In neither case were there any 
traces of a flaw either at the convexity of the curve, where the 
metal was stretched, or at the concavity, where it was compressed. 
Holes in a thick plate had been enlarged by driving cones into 
them,-and, in a word, the iron had been knocked about in every 
possible way. At a very low estimate it is worth 14/, per ton, 
and as there is plenty of the raw material to be had, the profit ot 
the invention seems likely to be great. 
WE regret to have to announce the death, at the Villa Pisani, 
near Lucca, of A. H. Haliday, A.M., of Carnmoney, Co. 
Antrim, which event occurred on the morning of the 13th July. 
Mr. Haliday entered Trinity College, Dublin, in 1822, at the 
age of 15, and graduated five years afterwards asa gold medalist. 
Shortly after he was called to the bar ; but he never practised. 
He was High Sheriff of Antrim in 1843. As an entomologist 
his name will always rank with those of his friends, Curtis, 
Sichel, Westwood, Dohrn, and Walker, while his quiet and 
retiring manners, and his great scholarship endeared him to a 
large circle of friends, 
WE regret to have to announce the death of the distinguished 
Anglo-Saxon scholar, Mr. Benjamin Thorpe, which took place 
on Tuesday last, the 19th inst. Mr. Thorpe was in his eighty- 
eighth year. 
A REPORT which has recently appeared in the papers about 
Dr. Livingstone, is referred to by Sir Roderick Murchison in a 
letter to the Zimes. 
Thomas Maclear, late Astronomer Royal at the Cape of Good 
Hope) was that one Mr. Anderson, commanding a vessel bound 
from Zanzibar to the United States, had informed Sir Thomas, 
on or before the 14th of March, that Dr. Kirk, the consular 
The statement (communicated by Sir — 
