_ degree but without any experience in investigation. 
The training of the chemist, so far as that training | 
experience gained when he has to leave the beaten 
_chemistry. for which the curriculum includes, chemical 
SEPTEMBER 14, I9I6] 
been made, but at the same time | do not suggest that | 
there is no room for improvement of our system of | 
training chemists. Progress in every department of | 
industrial chemistry is ultimately dependent upon re- | 
search, and therefore a sufficient supply of chemists 
with practical knowledge and experience of the 
methods of research is vital. This being so, it is an 
unfortunate thing that so many students are allowed 
to leave the universities in possession of a science 
can be given in a teaching institution, must be re- 
garded as incomplete unless it includes some research 
work, not, of course, because every student has the 
mental gifts which characterise the born investigator, 
but rather because of the inestimable value of the 
track and to place more dependence upon his own 
initiative and resource. Perhaps it is too much to 
expect that practice in research will be made an in- 
dispensable qualification for the ordinary degree; fail- 
ing this, and indeed in every case, promising students 
should be encouraged, by the award of research 
scholarships, to continue their studies for a period of 
at least two years after taking the B.Sc. degree, and 
to devote that time to research work which would 
qualify for a higher degree. 
On more than one occasion I have expressed the 
opinion that every chemist who looks forward to an 
industrial post should receive in the course of his train- 
ing a certain amount of instruction in chemical 
engineering, by means of lectures and also of practical 
work in laboratories fitted out for the purpose. The 
practicability of this has been proved in more than 
one teaching institution, and experience has convinced 
me that chemists who have had such a course are 
generally more valuable in a works—whether their 
ultimate destination is the industrial research labora- 
tory or the control of manufacturing operations—than 
those who have not had their studies directed beyond 
the traditional boundaries of pure chemistry. A 
course in chemical engineering, preferably preceded by 
‘a short course in general engineering and drawing, 
must, however, be introduced as a supplement to, and 
not as a substitute for, any part of the necessary work 
in pure chemistry, and consequently the period of 
undergraduate study will be lengthened if such a course 
is included; this is no disadvantage, but quite the 
contrary. I am glad to say ‘that the University of 
Glasgow has recently instituted a degree in applied 
engineering in addition to the usual. courses in chem- 
istrv, and I hope that a place will be found for this 
subject by other universities. 
NOTES. 
Tue King in Council has appointed Mr. Arthur 
Henderson, M.P., a member of the Committee of the 
Privy Council for the organisation and development of 
scientific and industrial research. The other non- 
official members of the Committee are Lord Haldane, 
the Right Hon. A. H. D. Acland, and the Right Hon. 
J. A. Pease, M.P. Mr. Henderson was the President 
of the Board of Education when the Government’s 
research scheme was published in July of last vear. 
As such he was a member of the Committee, which 
includes also, as official members, the Lord President 
of the Privy Council, the Chancellor of. the Exchequer, 
the Secretary for Scotland, the President of the Board 
of Trade, and the Chief Secretary for Ireland. 
By permission of the president and council of the 
Royal Academy an Exhibition of Arts and Crafts is to 
NO. 2446, vor. 98] 
NATURE 
37 
be held in the galleries of the Royal Academy from 
October 2 until the end of November next. The exhi- 
bition is being arranged by the Arts and Crafts Ex- 
hibition Society. 
We are informed that the Secretary of State for 
India has sanctioned the creation of a post of Director 
of Fisheries, Bengal,, Bihar, and Orissa, and has 
further sanctioned the permanent appointment of the 
present Deputy Director of Fisheries (Mr. T. South- 
well) to the post. A new Deputy Director will be 
appointed after the war. 
Tue death is announced, at sixty-eight years of age,. 
of Sir James Sivewright, K.C.M.G., general manager 
of the South African Telegraphs, 1877-85, and Com- 
missioner of Crown Lands and Public Works, Cape 
Colony, 1890-92, when he promoted considerable de- 
velopments of the railway and telegraphic systems. 
OxrorD has lately become poorer by the loss of two 
of her best-known sons, each in his own way distin- 
guished as well outside the University as within it. 
During a long residence in Oxford Mr. R. W. Doyne, 
formerly Margaret Ogilvie reader in ophthalmology, 
whose career and work were referred to last week 
(p. 18), had won the respect and affection of colleagues 
and pupils alike. Dr. Edward Moore, as a young 
man, had one of the most distinguished academic 
careers on record. The chief efforts of his mature 
life were directed towards the welfare and independ- 
ence of St. Edmund Hall, one of the most interesting 
of the ancient institutions of Oxford. Consistently 
conservative in his attitude towards academic ques- 
tions, there was yet no trace of bigotry or bitterness 
in his opposition to changes which he thought ill- 
considered or dangerous. His death at the age of 
eighty-one removes one whose personal qualities en- 
deared him to an unusually wide circle. 
By the death, on August 28, of Mr. George Coffey, 
Ireland has lost her foremost student of prehistoric 
archeology. The Neolithic and Bronze periods are 
represented in Ireland by a very fine series of monu- 
ment, weapons, and other remains, and Mr. Coffey 
made these his special study, applying to them, almost 
for the first time, the knowledge gained by his French 
and Scandinavian colleagues from the important series 
of remains which have been brought to light during 
recent years in western Europe. He devoted special 
attention to the history. of primitive art in Ireland, 
and by tracing the development of ornament and apply- 
ing it to the monuments and other early remains of 
that country, he did much to establish the sequence 
of Irish prehistoric history. More recent periods 
also claimed his attention, and in his ‘‘Guide to the 
Celtic Antiquities of the Christian Period’’ preserved 
in the Royal Irish Academy collection in the Dublin 
National Museum (where for many years he was 
keeper of the Irish antiquities), he gave a scholarly 
account of the beautiful work of early historic times 
in Ireland. 
Tue death of Dr. C. T. Clough, of H.M. Geological 
Survey, by an accident on the railway near Bo’ness, 
has brought to a close a career of remarkable devotion 
to geological work. On Wednesday, August 23, Dr. 
Clough was examining rock exposures in the Bo’ness 
coalfield, and had occasion to cross the railway. He 
failed to clear an approaching train and was run over. 
Receiving immediate attention from the railway staff, 
he was sent by special train to Edinburgh, where an 
operation was performed. For a time he seemed to 
recover strength, but early on Sunday, August 27, he 
died in Edinburgh Infirmary.. Dr. Clough was 
educated at Rugby and St. John’s College, Cambridge, 
' 
