154 
opportunity of making kinematograph records of the 
life and work in the Antarctic, and has a remarkable 
series of pictures to show. The pictures of Weddell 
seals and Adelie penguins are excellent records of 
Antarctic animal Kfe, but cannot compare in the skill 
and patience required with the film of penguin chicks 
breaking out of their eggs or of skua gulls swooping 
down on a penguin rookery and stealing unguarded 
eggs. The film showing the bows of the Terra Nova 
breaking into the pack gives a good idea of how a 
polar ship forces her way among ice. The: films of 
sledging and camping show Capt. Scott and his four 
companions in the first few days of their southward 
march. These have an interest that can never fade in 
any field of heroism. Mr. Ponting was happily in- 
spired in reopening his exhibition at the present time, 
not only for. the high educational value of the 
pictures themselves, but in recalling the devotion and 
self-sacrifice that men may show in peaceful endeavour. 
We learn from Symons’s Meteorological Magazine 
that Mr. Edward Mawley died on September 15, at 
seventy-four years of age. The following particulars 
of his work in meteorology are from an obituary 
notice in our contemporary :—Mr. Mawley was elected 
a fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society in 1876, 
and served continuously on the council from 1881 to 
1g08.. He was president in 1896-98, when he gave 
two addresses of great value. - The first was on 
‘*Shade Temperature,’ giving the results of a lengthy 
series of experiments with different patterns of ther- 
mometer screen, which resulted in the adoption of 
the Royal Meteorological Society’s modification of the 
Stevenson screen. The second was on “ Weather 
Influence on Farm and Garden Crops,’’? and may be 
said’ to have intertwined the two main branches of 
his life-work. After retiring from the presidency he 
acted as secretary at the meetings of the society from 
1898 to 1901, and throughout the whole time his influ- 
ence was always exercised in extending the usefulness 
of the society and increasing its dignity. Mr. Mawley 
commenced his meteorological observations at Rich- 
mond, Surrey, in 1870, and in 1873 he went to Addis- 
combe, near Croydon, where his meteorological ob- 
servations were greatly extended. In 1883 he moved 
to Berkhamsted, where he soon created one of the finest 
private meteorological stations in the country, ; 
THE meeting of the Gilbert Club, to which’ we 
referred in our issue of October 12, was held in the 
rooms of the Royal Society of Arts on Wednesday of. 
last week. The Right Hon. Lord Moulton occupied 
the chair. Mr. Conrad Cooke, the hon. secretary, 
read his report recording the past history and present 
position of the club, and in it he paid a warm 
tribute to the memory of Prof. Silvanus Thompson, . 
expressing the irreparable loss to the club, of which he 
was the life and soul, by his lamented death. Mr. 
Charles Benham, of Colchester, as representing the 
hon, treasurer, read the hon, treasurer’s report. Both 
these reports were adopted. .The members then devoted 
themselves to a discussion as to the disposal. of the 
property of the club, including thirty-four copies of 
the translation of. Gilbert’s ‘‘ De Magnete,” issued by- 
the Gilbert Club, and letters were read from Lord 
Rayleigh, Sir Joseph Larmor, Dr. Singer, of 
Oxford, Mr. W. M. Mordey, Mr. James Pax- 
man, and others, in which various suggestions 
swere made, and a general discussion followed. 
The general consensus of opinion, however, appeared 
to be that the proceeds. should be devoted to forming 
the nucleus of a fund to establish a Gilbert scholarship 
for. physical science in the Royal Grammar School at 
Colchester, in which in all probability. William : Gil-- 
NO. 2452, VOL. 98] 
\ NCTE 
spent with the expedition, availed himself, of every. 
[OcToBER 26, 1916 
bert was himself. ascholar,. Lord Moulton, in» sum~ 
ming up the discussion, pointed out the legal aspect 
of the question, giving it as his opinion that the 
meeting was not competent to dispose of the property. 
of the club outside its original constitution without 
giving notice to the members beforehand of the sug- — 
gestion to be proposed. He considered it advisable 
that the meeting should be adjourned for three months 
in order that this should be done. Lord Moulton’s’ 
recommendation was unanimously adopted, 
In the October issue of Man Mr. St. George Gray 
describes a remarkable chipped flint implement found 
in British Honduras. It is 193 in.-in length, chipped 
throughout, with a straight, chopper-like edge on one 
side, and on the other two tapering projections. In 
general character it resembles other large and occa- 
sionally serrated implements found in Honduras and 
now in European museums. No suggestion is made. 
about the possible use of such an implement; but the © 
theory may be hazarded that it bears some ritualistic 
significance, and. that it may have been used in sacri-_ 
fice or for some similar religious purpose. 5 
f 
Dr. A. C. Happon contributes to the October issue 
of Man a useful article on “Kava Drinking in New 
Guinea,”’ based partly on published materials and’ 
partly on information collected for the first time from” 
friends who have visited the island. The question is. 
important, because Kava drinking has been regarded 
as a criterion of a certain definite migration, or series’ 
of migrations, into Oceania. The root of the pepper’ 
plant (Piper methysticum) is chewed, not only. by 
grown-up men, who take part in the feast, but also, 
by boys, to whom the drink is still forbidden, and 
who, together with the women, are not allowed access; 
to the feasting assembly. It is then filtered through 
grass in a coconut shell, and a traveller who drank, 
it found that it possessed powerful intoxicating pro- 
perties. It was apparently used to produce mental 
excitement during some form of tribal ritual. In: 
British New Guinea the custom prevails among three 
cultures : those of the-Kabiri, Mawata, and Maringara,, 
Dr. Haddon supposes that it might readily spread. 
from the Kabiri to the bush peoples behind the Fly, 
delta, but we are in the dark as to the date of this. 
possible drift. There seems to be no reason to believe. 
that it was imported into the Fly estuary area on the. 
south coast of Netherlands New Guinea - by a migra-. 
tion or cultural drift by sea. 
it has come overland, possibly from Astrolabe Bay. 
This must, however, remain doubtful until we know 
more of the races. in the interior of New Guinea. 
Tue psychology of the organised group game is the. 
subject of the fourth Monograph Supplement to the: 
British Journal of Psychology. The author, M. J., 
Reaney, in her introduction, considers the problem, 
of play in general, and summarises the various. 
theories, both physiological and, biological, which have 
been put forward to account for the phenomena of, 
play. She then reviews the types of play leading up 
to the organised group game, which. occupies such a 
prominent position in the life of modern England. The 
relation between the type of game played and the’ 
degree of racial development is brought out, showing) 
that the organised group game appears only in races! 
which have reached a stage of development in which: 
co-operation is combined with division of labour and, 
loyalty to a leader. She suggests, too, that this form. 
of play gives an outlet to instinctive tendencies for’ 
which civilised life affords little scope. In an inves-* 
tigation worked on the principle of correlation she~ 
found a direct correspondence between general ability. 
and. success at games. ©The paper-will be of particular . 
His own opinion is that . 
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