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NOVEMBER 2, 1916] 
NATURE 
175 
ee of the circulation of the blood have often been 
told, and Sir Thomas Barlow. dwelt on certain minor, 
but none the less important, details of Harvey’s life 
before proceeding to consider Harvey as physician and 
as Court physician to Charles I., his Oxford life, his 
reat discovery and worl: on generation, and his rela- 
tions with the College of Physicians. Harvey was.a 
pupil at King’s School, Canterbury, and gained there 
a scholarship which enabled him to proceed to Caius 
College, Cambridge. The regulations for this scholar- 
ship, founded in 1571 by Matthew Parker, Archbishop 
of Canterbury, are probably unique for the period, and 
enjoined that the scholar should be educated first in 
subjects that pertain, or are serviceable, to medicine, 
and then in subjects which actually constitute medicine 
itself. In 1600 Harvey entered the University of 
Padua, and studied anatomy under the learned 
Fabricius, returning home in 1602, became a fellow of 
the College of Physicians in 1607 and attached to St. 
Bartholomew’s Hospital, with which he was connected 
for thirty-six years. Sir Thomas Barlow’s estimate 
of this side of Harvey’s life is that, besides being a 
great anatomist and naturalist, he was an experienced 
pathologist, a learned physician, and had the qualifica- 
tions of a good, all-round practitioner. The, College of 
Physicians wa’s the chief interest of his old age, and 
he enriched it with many benefactions. The last ex- 
hortation of the great master was “‘ever to search out 
and study the secrets of Nature by way of experiment, 
and for the honour of our profession to continue in 
mutual love and affection among ourselves.” 
SomME weeks ago there was considerable speculation 
as to the truth of the reports concerning Germany’s 
new super-Zeppelins, and the matter was referred to 
in these columns. Since that date two Zeppelins of 
the very latest type have been brought down in Eng- 
land, and one in such a state of preservation that 
detailed information has been readily obtained from 
it. Excellent descriptions of this airship have appeared 
in the daily papers, and a particularly correct account 
in the Times for October 19. All the main particulars 
of the early reports are justified. The capacity of the 
-L33 has been estimated at 2,000,000 cub. ft., its 
length at 680 ft., and the total horse-power at about 
1500, which entirely confirms the figures previously 
given in these columns. More information is now 
available concerning the minor details of the new 
design. A point worthy of particular notice is the 
centralisation of the controls, the whole airship being 
under the control of the men in the forward gondola. 
Bombs and petrol tanks are carried in a passage-way 
along the keel of the ship, which also serves for com- 
munication between the various gondolas. The extent 
of the development of small details is illustrated by 
the fact that provision has even been made for drop- 
ping the petrol tanks in case of emergency, to save all 
possible lifting power. 
ments are exceedingly neat and trustworthy, and an 
armament of nine machine-guns has been provided: 
The construction of the main framework is very in- 
of metal used. In view of the great improvements in 
the design of these latest Zeppelins, it is comforting 
to think that our defensive measures have proved so | 
successful against them, and that the raiders no longer 
enjoy the comparative immunitv from loss which char- 
acterised the earlier raids. 
WE have received the report of the Director-General 
of Public Health, New South Wales, for the year 
ended December 31, 1914. It contains a summary by 
the Director-General, Dr. Paton, of the general public 
health administration, reports of the work of the 
various departments’ and of the State hospitals, and 
NO. 2453, VOL. 98] 
y | and can lead to permanent results. 
The bomb-releasing arrange- , 
the report of investigation and research work of the 
microbiological laboratory. The routine examination 
of rats and mice for plague infections forms a part 
of the work of this laboratory, and it is of interest 
that no plague infection has been found since 1910 
among these rodents, although some 60,000 animals 
have been examined during the years 1911-14 inclusive. 
Puysicians and psychologists will find a critical dis- 
cussion of the value and limitations of the intelligence 
tests in diagnosing the mind of a child, in the Psycho- 
logical Review (vol. xxiii., No. 5). The writer, Mr. 
J. V. Haberman, finds the Binet method entirely in- 
| adequate to furnish an accurate or truthful equation of 
the general intellectual ability of an individual, and, 
further, insists that even if general ability were so 
tested it would be of no diagnostic value to the psycho- 
pathologist, since in mental pathology the processes 
involved are not always of the nature of general ability, 
but of mental functioning. He suggests a method 
of testing which shall serve in diagnosis, prognosis, 
| and prophylaxis, and that shall give a clue to therapy 
and remediable pedagogic processes. He also points out 
that this testing should not be in the hands of the 
| psychologist only, but of a physician with a psycho- 
logical training. The increasing importance now being 
attached to tests renders the criticism of an expert 
pertinent and valuable. 
In the numbers of Scientia for September and Octo- 
| ber, 1916, Prof. Eugenio Rignano writes the two parts 
_ of an elaborate and interesting psychological study of 
_what he calls ‘‘intentional”’ reasoning, 
' during last year he published several articles concerned 
In Scientia 
with the psychological analysis of reasoning, and the 
present contributions complete this analysis. In the 
reasoning previously considered, the reasoner, at least 
at the moment when he begins his reasoning, has no 
intention to support certain theses at the expense of 
certain others, but only that of discovering the truth, 
On the other hand, the ‘‘intentional’’ reasoner sets 
_ about reasoning for the purpose of proving the correct- 
ness of definite assertions which he has at heart. Prof. 
Rignano’s work is divided into two main parts, which 
deal with the two chief varieties of ‘intentional’ 
reasoning: dialectical reasoning and metaphysical 
reasoning. The latter part is subdivided into sections 
on metaphysical theology; metaphysics properly speak- 
ing; finalism, animism, and vitalism; the function of 
language in metaphysical reasoning; and positivism 
and metaphysics. These researches are particularly 
interesting at the present time, when the attention of 
many philosophers and men of science is fixed on scien- 
tific method in philosophy, and some philosophers are 
gradually coming to recognise in their work that in 
philosophy, just as in. what is usually called science, 
only an unbiassed search for truth is really legitimate 
Of course, this 
seems a truism when stated thus as a maxim of 
| method, but it is none the less a fact that philosophers 
have not, as a rule,, hitherto worked in accordance ~ 
2 f | with it, 
genious, the strength being enormous for the weight | 
Dr. W. D. MatrHew, in the Bulletin of the 
American Museum of Natural History (vol. xxxv.), de- 
scribes. in great detail “‘A Marsupial from the Belly 
River Cretaceous.” - The remains forming the subject 
| of this communication comprise no more than the left 
ramus of the mandible, the symphysis of the right 
mandible, and fragments of the cranium, but they 
constitute the most complete remains of fossil mam- 
mals yet discovered in the Cretaceous. » These remains 
are assigned the rank of a new genus and species— 
Eodelphis Browni—of the family Cimolestidz, which 
is not clearly separable from the Didelphidz, The 
specimen was discovered during the work of under- 
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