directed attention 
NovEMBER 2, 1916] 
NATURE 
179 
doses of fresh thyroid for various periods of time. 
The administration of 0-2 gram of fresh ox thyroid in the 
food daily for one month led to a 75 per cent. increase 
in the weight of the suprarenals, and a 50 per cent. 
increase in their adrenalin content, Further, there 
Was great hypertrophy of the heart, especially of the 
ventricles, the weight of the heart being double, and 
in some nearly treble, the weight of the heart of 
control animals. The kidneys were also enlarged, 
though not to the same extent. Prof. Herring 
to the similarity in the con- 
dition produced in white rats by small amounts 
of thyroid to the condition sometimes found in 
“soldier’s, or trench, heart’’ in man, and suggested 
that cardiac hypertrophy, associated with excessive pro- 
duction of adrenalin and changes in other organs, 
might sometimes be caused in man by over-action of 
the thyroid glands. A paper by Dr. Kojima followed, 
in which changes in the pancreas induced by thyroid- 
feeding were illustrated by lantern-slides. The pan- 
creas of thyroid-fed animals showed numerous karyo- 
kinetic figures, and alterations in the amount of secre- 
tory granules in the cells. 
In the discussion which followed these two papers 
Sir William Osler, Sir Edward Schafer, Prof. Drum- 
mond, and Prof. Moore took part. y 
On Friday morning, September 8, Dr, Itagaki de- 
scribed the action of ovarian extracts, more especially 
of luteal tissue, on preparations of uterine and intes- 
tinal muscle. 
A paper by Prof. Bayliss on ‘‘The Properties Re- 
quired in Solutions for Intravenous Injection was 
read, in which the author recommended the use of a 
7 per cent. solution of gum acacia, Such a trans- 
fusion fluid has a viscosity, and exerts an osmotic 
force, more nearly resembling blood plasma _ than 
normal saline, and when used in cases of hemorrhage 
gives better results. 
Prof. Moore and Mr. Barnard gave a paper on the 
nutrition of living organisms by simple organic com- 
pounds. : 
The meeting closed with a discussion upon ‘ Food 
Standards and Man Power,” introduced by Prof. 
Waller. The obiect of the discussion was to prepare 
the way for the formation of a committee to formulate 
definite figures for the value of work done by man, 
woman, and child. 
‘THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION AT 
NEWCASTLE. : 
SECTION H. 
ANTHROPOLOGY. 
OPENING ADDRESS (ABRIDGED) BY R. R. Marett, M.A., 
' D.Sc., PRESIDENT OF THE SECTION, 
THE question to which I beg to direct attention on 
the present occasion is: What function ought anthro- 
pology to fulfil among the higher studies of a modern 
university? The subject may be commonplace, but it 
is certainly not untimely. At the present moment 
those of us who are university teachers in any of the 
warring countries are feeling like fish out of water. 
Our occupation is to a large extent suspended; and 
already it seems a lifetime since we were assisting, 
each after his own fashion, in the normal development 
of science. 
“Usus abit vite: bellis consumpsimus zvum.” 
Can the hiatus be bridged, the broken highway 
mended? Never, if memories are to prevail with us; 
but if hopes, then it goes equally without saying that 
NO. 2453, VOL. 98] ' 
| we shall somehow manage to carry on more actively 
and successfully than ever, So the only problem for 
brave and hopeful men is, How? Ignoring our pre- 
sent troubles, we are all thinking about the future 
of university education, and ‘reform is in the air, 
Of course, every university has difficulties of its own 
to meet; and my own University of Oxford, with eight 
centuries of growth to look back on, is likely to be 
more deeply affected by the sundering of traditions 
due to the war than such of its sister-institutions as 
are of more recent stamp. Now, when I discuss 
university matters, the case of Oxford is bound to 
weigh with me predominantly ; and, indeed, no man of 
science could wish me to neglect what, after all, is 
bound to be my nearest and richest source of experi- 
ence. But various kind friends and colleagues hailing 
from other universities in Great Britain, France, and 
the United States have furnished me with copious 
information concerning their home conditions, so that 
I shall not altogether lack authority if I venture to 
frame conclusions of a general nature. Besides, it is 
not on behalf of any university, but rather as repre- 
senting the interests of the science of anthropology, 
that I am entitled to speak in my present capacity. 
I do indeed firmly hold that anthropological teaching 
and research can be admitted to the most ample status 
in the curriculum of any modern university without 
injury to established industries and activities. But, 
even if this were not so—even if it needed a sort of 
surgical operation to engraft the new in the old—we 
anthropologists must, I think, insist on the fullest 
recognition of our science among university studies, 
realising, as we are especially able to do, its immense 
educational value as a humanising discipline. Let me 
not, however, rouse prejudice at the outset by seeming 
to adopt an aggressive tone. ‘Live and let live’ is 
the safest motto for the university reformer; and I 
have no doubt that the peaceful penetration whereby 
anthropology has of late been almost imperceptibly 
coming to its own in the leading universities of the 
world will continue to accomplish itself if we, who make 
anthropology our chief concern, continue to put forth 
good work in abundance. For, like any other science, 
the science of man must be justified of its children. 
Now, it is customary to contrast what are known as 
technical studies with university studies proper; and 
such a distinction may prove helpful in the present 
context, if it be not unduly pressed, Thus, in par- 
ticular, it will afford me an excuse for not attempting 
to travel afresh over the ground covered by Sir Richard 
Temple in his admirable presidential address of three 
years ago. What he then demanded was, as he 
termed it, a school of applied anthropology, in which 
men of affairs could learn how to regulate their prac- 
tical relations with so-called “‘ natives’’ for the benefit 
of all concerned. Let me say at once that I am in 
complete agreement with him as to the need for the 
| establishment or further development of not one school 
only, but many such schools in this country, if the 
British Empire is to make good a moral claim to 
exist. Indeed, I have for a number of years at Oxford 
taken a hand in the anthropological instruction of pro- 
bationers and officers belonging to the public services, 
and can bear witness to the great interest which 
students of this class took at the time, and after leav- 
ing Oxford have continued to take, in studies bearing 
so directly on their ‘life-work. 
What I have to say to-day, however, must be re- 
garded as complementary rather than as immediately 
subsidiary to Sir Richard Temple’s wise and politic 
contention. The point I wish to make is that, unless 
anthropology be given its due place among university 
studies proper, there is little or no chance that tech- 
nical applications of anthropological knowledge will 
