342 
NATURE 
[DECEMBER 28, 1916 i 
UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 
INTELLIGENCE. 
In reply to an inquiry, official confirmation has 
reached us of the announcement made by the registrar 
at the meeting of the council of the University College 
of Wales, Aberystwyth, on December 15, to the effect 
that friends of the college had expressed their inten- 
tion of contributing the sum of 100,0001, to the funds 
of the college, subject to a reservation of their right 
to make such proposals as they may deem expedient to 
the council, either as to the capital or as to the income 
therefrom. The sum of 20,0001. will be set aside 
annually by the donors for this purpose for the next 
five years. 
THE annual meetings of the Geographical Associa- 
tion will be held on Friday and Saturday, January 5-6, 
at the London Day Training College, Southampton 
Row, W.C. After the presidential address a discussion 
on the value of modelling in the early teaching of 
geography will be opened by Miss N. Catty, and a 
lecture on regions in human geography, with special 
reference to Europe, will be given by Prof. H. J. 
Fleure. There will also be a discussion on the resolu- 
tions drawn up by the Five Associations (now the 
Council for Humanistic Studies), to be opened by Mr. 
H. J. Mackinder. On January 6 a joint meeting of 
the Geographical and Mathematical Associations will 
be held to discuss ‘‘ The Teaching of Mav Projections.” 
This discussion will be opened by Prof. T. P. Nunn. 
Tue Journal of the British Science Guild for Novem- 
ber contains several reports and memoranda on the 
organisation of science and the improvement of facili- 
ties for education. In the ‘‘Memorandum on the 
Encouragement of Teaching and Research in Science 
in British Universities’ attention is directed to the 
great variations in the salaries of professors in the 
faculty of science at different institutions. Liverpool 
and Manchester head the list with average salaries of 
853. and 8881. respectively, Southampton and Aberyst- 
wyth coming last with 325]. and 320l. Reference is 
particularly made to the inadequate arrangements as 
regards salaries and facilities for scientific education 
in the University and colleges of Wales, and it is sug- 
gested that such institutions should receive additional 
State support. Other suggestions include the elimina- 
tion of temporary and associate professorships at State- 
aided universities, and the substitution of ‘ Regius 
Professorships,’’ appointment and dismissal resting 
with the Crown or with a body appointed by the 
Crown. Another important matter is the provision of 
an adequate scale of pensions. The ‘‘ Report on Re- 
forms necessary in National Education ’’ covers wide 
ground, a series of concrete recommendations being 
made. Various steps are suggested to eliminate the 
gaps between elementary schools, secondary and tech- 
nical schools, and the universities. It should be in- 
cumbent on employers to provide facilities for persons 
between the ages of fourteen and seventeen to attend 
continuation schools for six hours per week within the 
hours of employment, ‘‘leaving certificates ’ should be 
established at elementary and secondary schools, and 
scientific method and training should be more generally 
encouraged. Teachers at training colleges should be 
given a larger measure of freedom and responsibility. 
Here again salaries, superannuation schemes, and con- 
ditions of tenure require to be placed on a more satis- 
factory footing. In elementary schools the physical 
development of the children and the encouragement of 
manual and other work developing initiative should be 
given especial attention. 
THE Proceedings of the Institute of Chemistry, 
part iv. (November, 1916), contains the proposed new 
NO. 2461, VOL. 98] 
| 
originally promulgated in the 
' amended in the light of conditions resulting trom the 
| war. 
For admission to the associateship a candidate 
may proceed under either Regulations A or B. The 
former comprise (1) an approved preliminary exam- 
ination of matriculation standard; (2) (a) four years’ 
day training at a recognised university or college, or 
(b) three years’ such training and two years under a 
9, y g ry af 
fellow of the institute, or (c) a degree in chemistry and 
physics taken at a recognised university, with, in the 
case of pass graduates, a subsequent year’s training in 
chemistry at a recognised university or college, or two 
years’ experience under a fellow; and (3) an examina- 
tion in general, theoretical, and practical chemistry 
conducted by the institute, the candidate having in 
every case produced satisfactory evidence of training 
in physics and mathematics. Under Regulations B a 
candidate is to be admitted if he has a degree with 
first- or second-class honours in chemistry, or a degree 
or diploma recognised by the council as equivalent, 
obtained after a three years’ day course, with three 
years’ subsequent experience of a standard and char- 
acter approved by the council, or such degree or 
diploma obtained after a four years’ day course, with 
two years’ subsequent experience. The regulation as 
to training in physics,and mathematics is again applic- 
able. The qualifications for the fellowship are to con-— 
sist of three years’ continuous occupation in the study 
and practical work of applied chemistry since admis- 
sion as associate, and either the production of records 
of original research, or the devising of processes or 
inventions of sufficient merit in the opinion of the 
council, or the production of evidence of knowledge and 
ability equivalent to such conditions, or the passing 
of an examination in a special branch of chemistry. 
SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 
Lonpon. 
Royal Anthropological Institute, November 28.— 
Prof. A. Keith, president, in the chair.—Prof. G. Elliot 
Smith: The common objections to the reality of the 
migrations of early culture. After citing a series of in- 
stances which proved the reality of the cultural migra- 
tions, and exposing the lack of cogency in the argu- 
ments commonly brought forward in opposition to the 
admission of the only possible explanation of the facts, 
the fashionable speculation of the present generation 
of ethnologists was then examined, that, ‘“‘in order to 
meet similar needs’ and ‘“‘in similar circumstances,” 
two peoples ‘‘in a similar stage of culture’? may in- 
dependently develop essentially identical customs, arts, 
and beliefs. Attention was directed to the fact that such 
cultural identities frequently occur among peoples 
whose ‘‘needs,’’ ‘ circumstances,”. and “‘states of cul- 
ture’? are as dissimilar as it was possible for them 
to be. Moreover, of kindred peoples—even members 
of the same race—living side by side for many centu- 
ries, in similar circumstances and with identical needs, 
one of them may possess the whole of the complex 
outfit of the megalithic culture, whereas the other may 
be totally free from any trace of it. As W. J. Perry 
has shown, the coincidence of the presence of ancient 
mines or pearl-beds reveals the fact that the stone- 
using culture-complex was introduced by immigrants 
who came to exploit these sources of wealth. 
Linnean Society, December 14.—Sir David Prain, 
president, in the chair.—Miss I. McClatchie : Observa- 
tions on the root-system of Impatiens Roylei, Walp. 
The primary root-system of Impatiens Roylei consists 
of a somewhat short tap-root, a whorl of four robust 
lateral roots, and a number of accessory laterals. 
These soon become obsolete and are replaced by a 
| regulations for the admission of fellows and associates, — 4 
1gI4-15 report, as 
“ 
