354 
or even lessened by lengthening the working day. 
The author does not take into consideration, how-’ 
ever, the view, now becoming recognised, that a 
worker with a long. day before him tends, con- 
sciously or unconsciously, to conserve his energy 
and to distribute it uniformly throughout the day. 
It is not improbable, indeed, that the ill-effects of 
unduly long working hours may be not so much 
the direct result of a greater expenditure of 
energy as the indirect result of shortening of the 
time available for leisure and recreation. 
NOTES. 
Lone lists of New Year honours—mostly conferred 
for services rendered in connection with military or 
naval operations—were published on Monday, We 
notice in these lists the following names.and distinc- 
tions :—K.C.S.I.: Sir Francis E. Younghusband, the 
distinguished traveller and geographer; Maj.-Gen. 
R. C. O. Stuart, Director-General of Ordnance in 
India. C.J.E.: S. M. Burrows, secretary to the Ox- 
ford Delegacy for Oriental Students; P. J. Hartog, 
lately secretary to departmental committees on the 
organisation of Oriental Studies in London. Kaisar- 
i-Hind Medal for Public Services in India, First Class: 
Sir F, A. Nicholson, Honorary Director of Fisheries, 
Madras; and Dr. H. H. Mann, principal, Agricultural 
College, Poona, and agricultural chemist, Bombay. 
The following medical men are among those on 
whom honours are conferred for services in the field :— 
K.C.B.; Surgeon-General H. R. Whitehead. — C.B.: 
Col. J. M. Irwin, Col. R. L. R. Macleod, Col. G. 
Cree, Col. A. A. Sutton, Col. G. H. Barefoot, Temp.- 
Gol. T., ‘Sinclair, . Lieut;-Col, “E..-T,v F.) Birrell: 
KeCeM Gos (Cols MP: GC. “Holt. s63MG-2, (Cole i. 
Daly, Col. W. L. Gray, Col. F. R. Newland, Col. 
H. T. Knaggs, Col. H. I. Pocock, Col. B. H. Scott, 
Col. R. W. Wright, Col. T. Du Bedal Whaite, Col. 
F. J. Morgan, Temp.-Col. T. C. English, Lieut.-Col. 
A. R. Aldridge, Lieut.-Col. J. D. Ferguson, Lieut.- 
Col, F. H. Withers, Lieut.-Col. F. R. Buswell, Lieut.- 
Col. L. F. Smith, Lieut.-Col. F. A. Symons, Temp.- 
Lieut.-Col. G. M. Holmes, Temp.-Lieut.-Col. H. L. 
Eason. 
Wuen the Germans introduced the use of poisonous 
gases into warfare, immediate steps were taken by 
our military authorities to provide the troops’ with 
means of protection from them, and action was taken 
later to organise offensive as well as defensive 
measures. ‘The matter was put into the hands of lead- 
ing chemists, physicists, and physiologists, with the 
result that our gas attacks are now more effective than 
those of our enemies. _ Field-Marshal Sir Douglas 
Haig, Commanding-in-Chief the British Forces in 
France, makes the following reference to this. subject 
in his despatch dated December 23, 1916 :—‘‘ The em- 
ployment by the enemy of gas and of liquid flame as 
weapons of offence compelled us not only to discover 
ways to protect our troops from their effects, but also 
to devise means to make use of the same instruments 
of destruction. Great fertility of invention has been 
shown, and very great credit is due to the special 
» personnel employed for the rapidity and success with 
which these new arms have been developed and per- 
fected, and for the very great devotion to duty they 
have displayed in a difficult and dangerous service. 
The Army owes its thanks to the chemists, physio- 
logists, and physicists of the highest rank who de- 
voted their “energies to enabling us to surpass the 
enemy in the use of a means of warfare which. took 
the civilised world by surprise. Our own experience 
NO. 2462, VOL. 98] 
NATURE 
[JANuaRY 4, I917 
of the numerous experiments and trials necessary 
before gas and flame could be used, of the great Bre 
parations which had to be made for their manufacture, 
and of the special training requir 
by the Germans was not the result of a desperate 
decision, but had been prepared for deliberately. Since 
we have been compelled, in self-defence, to use similar 
methods, it is satisfactory to be able to record, on the 
evidence of prisoners, of documents captured, and of 
our own observation, that the enemy has suffered 
heavy casualties from our gas attacks, while the means 
of protection adopted by us have proved thoroughly — 
effective.” 
Tue Canadian Government has . appointed an 
honorary advisory council on scientific and industrial 
research to advise a committee of the Cabinet on all 
matters relating to scientific and industrial research, 
with the view of securing the united efforts of scientific 
workers and industrial. concerns, and of selecting the 
most pressing problems indicated by industrial neces- 
sities to be submitted to research institutions and indi- 
viduals for solution. We learn from Science that the 
members of this advisory council are:—Dr. A. S. 
Mackenzie, president of Dalhousie University, Halifax, 
N.S.; Dr. F. D. Adams, dean of the faculty of applied 
science, McGill University; Dr. R. F. Ruttan, pro- 
fessor of chemistry, McGill University; Dr. J. C. 
McLennan, director of the Physical Laboratories, 
University of Toronto; Dr. A. B. Macallum, president 
of the Royal Society of Canada, University of Toronto; 
Dr. W. Murray, president of the University of Sas- 
katchewan, Saskatoon; Mr. R. Hobson, president of 
the Steel Company of Canada, Hamilton, Ont.; Mr. 
R. G. Ross, consulting electrical engineer, Montreal ; 
and M, Tancréde Bienvenu, manager of La Banque 
Provinciale, Montreal. The question of co-operation 
between the scientific men of the country and industrial 
concerns with the view of solving the problems raised 
by the war and of placing the industrial resources of 
the country in a position to meet the conditions that 
will arise after the war has been under consideration 
by the Government and by representatives of science 
and industry for some time, as it was felt to be desir- 
able to follow the example of the British Government 
in this matter, In a memorandum Sir George E. 
Foster, Minister of Trade and Commerce, has pointed 
out ‘the urgent need of organising, mobilising, and 
economising the existing resources of scientific and 
industrial research in Canada with the purpose of 
utilising waste products, discovering new processes— 
mechanical, chemical, and metallurgical—and develop- 
ing into useful adjuncts to industry and commerce the 
unused natural resources of Canada.” . 
METEOROLOGY has lost one of its most ardent sup- 
porters by the sudden death of Mr. William Marriott 
at Dulwich on December 28. He was sixty-eight years 
of age, and throughout his life had been remarkably free 
from illness, but latteriy heart trouble had developed. 
Mr. Marriott commenced his meteorological work at 
Greenwich Observatory in Januarv, 1869, and he left 
the observatory at the end of 1871. Whilst at the 
Royal Observatory he was in the magnetic and 
meteorological department under Mr. James Glaisher, 
F.R.S., who was very actively associated with the 
Meteorological Society. Mr. Marriott became assist- 
ant-secretary to the Meteorological Society in 1872, and 
he maintained the position until his retirement in Sep- 
tember, 1915, after forty-three years’ service. He had 
become a member of the society whilst serving at 
Greenwich, in 1870. The science of meteorology has 
steadily developed during the last half-century, and 
Mr. Marriott, in his official capacity, took the keenest 
ed for the personnel 
employed, shows that the employment of such methods 
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