1877.] ANATOMY OF HYVENA CROCUTA. 375 



these structures. The two spongy bodies of opposite sides are quite 

 distinct from one another, and do not communicate except through 

 the vein just described ; nor do they take any part in the formation 

 of the glans clitoridis, that body being formed entirely by the cor- 

 pora cavernosa and the walls of the urino-genital canal. It will also 

 be observed that the spongy bodies are placed altogether above that 

 canal, and that consequently the latter is not surrounded by the 

 spongy structure in any part of its course. An artery of considerable 

 size enters the bulbous extremity of each spongy body. 



Two muscles are met with in the dissection of the clitoris. The one 

 is the erector clitoridis, which is of large size and covers the crus, as 

 well as the bulb of the corpus spongiosum, in the usual manner. The 

 other is the retractor clitoridis. The origin of this muscle 1 could not 

 determine, as the parts had been detached from the bones ; but in all 

 probability it arose either from the ischium or pubis. The muscles 

 of opposite sides pass forward in contact with one another, and form 

 two cord-like bands which lie along the lower borders of the cor- 

 responding cavernous bodies ; and each is inserted by means of an 

 aponeurotic structure into the corresponding corpus cavernosum im- 

 mediately behind the glans. These muscles are doubtless retractors 

 of the glans within the prepuce. A large artery, vein, and nerve run 

 along the outer side of each cavernous body, and can be traced as far 

 as the base of the glans. There is no bone in the clitoris. 



If, now, we compare the description above given of these parts iu 

 Hywna crocuta with that of the corresponding organs in other species, 

 we find, with regard to the anal-gland pouch, that its presence 

 has been proved by Daubenton' in the Hycena striata, by Murie^ in 

 the Hycena brunnea and crocuta, and by Prof. Flower^ in the 

 allied genus Proteles. With regard to H. crocuta, its presence has 

 been denied by Busk* ; but Dr. Murie's investigations, along with 

 my own, now leave, I think, no doubt regarding this point. Anal 

 glands are present in all of these animals, but differ somewhat in 

 respect of number in different species. In H. striata Daubenton 

 describes and figures tvjo on each side of the anal-gland pouch. The 

 anterior of these corresponds most closely with that which is present 

 in H. crocuta, the posterior having no representative in the latter 

 species. He further describes in H. striata a quantity of isolated 

 follicles which have almost the same arrangement as the transverse 

 belt of glandules which I have described as opening into the anal- 

 gland pouch in H. crocuta. Dr. Murie describes in H. brunnea three 

 anal glands on each side of the rectum, but makes no mention of 

 isolated glandules in relation to the fundus of the anal pouch. 

 Lastly, in Proteles two anal glands of large size are described by Prof. 

 Flower, in addition to a central glandular mass covering the bottom 

 of the anal pouch. The large glands correspond almost exactly in 

 shape with those I have described in H. crocuta ; and although I 

 am in doubt, from his descrij)tion, of the exact appearance of the 

 central glandular mass, it appears to correspond closely to the belt of 



1 Buffon's Hist. Nat. torn. ix. ^ Traus. Zool. Soc. vii. p. 503. 



3 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 493. ' Quoted by Dr. Murie in his paper. 



