18/8.] CLASSIFICATION OF THE CERVID.E. 913 



from that of the Red Deer in the same season. In the former it is a 

 loud squeal ending in a more guttural tone ; in the latter it is a 

 distinct roar resembling that of a Panther. The voice of the Wapiti 

 resembles that of the Cervus cashmeerianus. The second brow- 

 antler (fig. 8, a) in Cervus cashmeerianus, with very rare excep- 

 tions, exceeds the brow-antler (fig. «, a) in length, a peculiarity 

 by which the antlers of this species may be distinguished from those 

 of its allies. 



30. Cervus affinis. 



1835. Cervus affinis, Hodgs. Journ. As. Soc. Bene;, vol. iv. d. 

 648, pi. 53. fig. 5. F 



1871. , Sclat. Trans. Z. S. vol. vii. p. 343. 



Cervus ivallichii, Cuv. Oss. foss. (ed. 4) torn. vi. p. 88 ; and F Cuv 

 Hist. Nat. Mamm. pi. 356. 



Hab. Choombi valley (Eastern Himalayas). 



Should Cervus wallichii, Cuv., prove to be specifically identical 

 with Cervus affinis, Hodgs., the former name, having priority, must 

 stand. The antlers of the type of Cuvier's original description are, 

 I believe, still preserved in the Museum of the Asiatic Society of 

 Calcutta ; F. Cuvier's plate shows them to be of decidedly abnormal 

 growth. 



31. Cervus canadensis. 



1777. Cervus canadensis, Erxl. Syst. Regn. An. p. 305. 



1857. Cervus canadensis, Baird, N. Am. Mamm. p. 638. 



Range. Alleghany regions of Pennsylvania and Virginia, Northern 

 Wisconsin ?, Minnesota, Dakota, Nebraska, Washington, Oregon, 

 aud California ; 57° N. is its northern limit {Baird). 



(Dama, subgen.) 



1827. Dama (subgen.), Ham. Sm., Griff. An. Kingd. vol. v. p.306. 



Antlers about twice the length of the head, palmated, the tines on 

 the upper half of the antler rising from their posterior surface (figs. 

 9 and 10). Skull resembling that of Cervus, but more depressed, 

 broader proportionally, and the orbits more prominent. Auditorv 

 bulla? subglobular ; no upper canines ; rhinarium as in Cervus. 

 Tail moderate. Prepuce furnished with a tuft of long hair. Both 

 sexes spotted in summer, unspotted in winter. Black markings on 

 the rump and tail as in Pseudaxis. Stature medium. Youn°- 

 spotted. 



Distribution. South-western Palaearctic region. 



32. Cervus dama. 



1766. Cervus dama, Linn. Syst. Nat. (ed. 12) i. p. 93. 



1843. Dama vulgaris, Gray, Spec. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 181. 



1874. Cervus dama, Jeitt. Zool. Gart. 1874, p. 288, (translated by 

 Sclater) Nature, vol. ii. p. 71 ; vide also Boyd Dawkins, torn. cit. pp. 

 112, 210, 226, and Brooke, torn. cit. p. 210, figures. 



Range. Greece, Spain, Anatolia, island of Rhodes, Sardinia, N. 

 Palestine ; frontier of Tunis in Algeria ? (fide Loche). 



