928 ON THK CLASSIFICATION OF THE CERVID/E. [Nov. 19, 



process for the support of the antlers carried back into the parietals, 

 this region of the skull being much restricted. No rhinarium. 



Ears and tail short, neck maned, stature large. Young unspotted. 



Distribution. Northern Nearctic and Palsearctic regions. 



Rangifer tarandus. 



1766. Cervus tarandus, L. Syst. Nat. (ed. 12) p. 93. 



1829. Cervus tarandus et var. artica et sylvestris, Rich. Faun. 

 Bor.-Am. pp. 238-251 (1829). 



1857. Rangifer caribou et R. granlandicus, Baird, N.-Amer. 

 Mamm. pp. 633, 634 ; American Reindeer, Hardy, 'Forest Life in 

 Acadie,' pp. 120-163. 



Range. Norway, Lapland, Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla, "Western 

 Siberia from the Arctic Sea, about as far south as lat. 60° in Eastern 

 Siberia, to lat. 55° in the Yablonoi Mountains, to lat. 49° on the 

 Japanese sea-coast, and to lat. 46° on the island of Saghalien; Russian 

 America from the Arctic Sea, somewhat further south than the 

 Arctic circle ? British America from Melville Island to Great Slave 

 Lake in the west, and in the east from Labrador to Nova Scotia, 

 Greenland, Newfoundland. 



There are many well-marked varieties of Reindeer in this wide 

 and varied range ; but the study of a considerable series has only 

 shown me the difficulty, if not impossibility, of denning them ; and 

 consequently I have been constrained to include all under one title 

 in this synopsis, although I thiuk the differentiation of the form 

 according to latitude and locality merits further attention. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE LY. 

 Fig. i. Left fore limb of Capreolus capraa, selected as an example of the Tele- 



METACARPI. 



3. Metacarpal cannon, seen from the inside. 4. Ditto, seen from tlio 

 outside. 3', 4'. Phalanges of the 3rd and 4th metacarpals, 

 which coalesce to form the metacarpal cannon. 2-5. Distal 

 extremities of the 2nd and 5th metacarpals. 2'-5'. Their 

 respective phalanges, r-r' . Place of origin and insertion of 

 the round ligament which prevents the upward displacement 

 of the 2nd and 5th metacarpals, t. Trapezium, tr and o. 

 Confluent trapezoid and os magnum, v.. Unciform, 

 ii. Left fore limb of Cervus elaphus, selected as an example of the Plesio- 



METACARPI. 



2, 5. Proximal extremities of the 2nd and 5th metacarpals, .s. 

 Metacarpophalangeal sesamoids, p. Proximal phalanges of 

 2nd and 5th digits. (The remainder of the lettering as in 

 fig. i.) 

 iii. Antler of the present Castle-C'aldwell Fallow Deer, showing the exces- 

 sive development of the tine, d, and consequent contraction of the 

 palm, c. 

 iv. Antler of one of the males from which the Castle-Caldwell herd of 

 Fallow Deer are descended. 



