1879] ANATOMY OF HY.tNA CROtUTA. 83 



radiated somewhat after the manner observed in the gizzard of a bird ; 

 and the same appearance is noticeable in oar specimen. This 

 tendinous arragement, however, is confined to the surface of tlie orgau, 

 and does not extend into the wall. Professor Flower, in accordance 

 with differences in appearance of its mucous membrane, describes 

 three distinct portions of the stomach in Proteles; and a similar 

 subdivision may be adopted in describing that of UycBim crocuta. In 

 the first, or cardiac portion of the organ, the mucous membrane is 

 thrown into well-marked rugse, which are not arranged in any regular 

 manner, but, uniting at various points with one another, give rise to 

 a convoluted appearance somewhat resembling the gyri of the 

 cerebrum. They are more irregularly disposed at the entrance of 

 the oesophagus than elsewhere, and are here continuous with the 

 longitudinal rugae of that tube. In respect of the rugose character 

 of this portion of the gastric mucous membrane, H. crocuta differs 

 fi'om Proteles, in the stomach of which these rugoe are absent. 

 Corresponding to the middle third of the stomach, the mucous 

 meml)rane is thrown into rugae of larger size than elsewhere. These 

 rugae lie parallel to the long axis of the organ, and are united here 

 and there by means of smaller transverse folds. Along the great 

 curvature the large longitudinal folds are better marked than on 

 the small curvature of the stomach. The mucous membrane of the 

 duodenal third of the stomach is less rugose than that of any other 

 portion, such rugae as are present being found in relation to the 

 curvatures of the organ, whilst the anterior and posterior walls of 

 the stomach are quite smooth. Every portion of the gastric mucous 

 membrane in the intervals of the larger rugae presents a delicate 

 reticulate and glandular appearence. The pyloric orifice is 

 extremely small, and in the specimen examined measured only g of 

 an inch in diameter. The valve is annular in form, and not crcs- 

 centic as in Proteles. It will be seen from what has been said, 

 that, in respect of the form and character of the stomach, l)ut little 

 difference is observable between the three species of llycena when 

 they are compared with one another or with Proteles. 



Small Intestine. — This portion of the gut measures 32 feet 6 

 inches in length. Its diameter is not uniform, but presents a number 

 of constrictions, which are distributed at irregular intervals along 

 its entire course. As a rule it measures about oue inch in diameter ; 

 but where constrictions occur it does not exceed half an incli. 

 Throughout its course its mucous membrane is covered with villi. 

 The Peyerian patches are eight in number, and vary much in size, the 

 smaller' being found towards the commencement of the intestine, 

 whilst the largest, which measured 9 inches in length, was situated 

 toward the lower end of the ileum. It is worthy of note that in 

 Proteles the number of these patches is the same as in H. crocuta. In 

 H. striata, according to Meckel*, they do not exceed twelve in number. 



Great intestine. — The caecum, measures 6 inches in length, and 

 agrees closely as regards its form with that figured by Daubentoa 

 in H. striata. In the latter species, according to the author named, 



' Lcc. cit. p. 706. 



6* 



