1S79.] ANATOMY OF HY^NA CROCUTA. 93 



The mylo-hyoid extends from the inner surface of the mandible 

 (where its attachment reaches from the anterior margin of the 

 ramus to about two inches from the symphysis) to the livoid bone 

 posteriorly, and m front of this to a median raphe common to it and 

 Us fellow. 



Genio-hyoid and genio-hyoglossus muscles, arising from the sym- 

 physis of the lower jaw, have their usual insertions. The hyoqlossus 

 IS also normal in its connexions. 



Styloglossus, usually strong in Carnivores, is in H. crocuta very 

 large. It arises from the cranial end oitht stylo-hyal bone, and passes 

 to the side of the tongue. Wide m the Civet, it arises from the 

 middle of the stylo-hyal. 



The stylo-pharyngeus, also very strong, is from the stvlo-hval 

 and tympano-hyal bones. " 



There is no stylo-hijoid. Meckel states that this muscle, which is 

 ordinarily wanting m Carnivores, is present in H. striata, Cat T)o<r 

 and Genet ; Macalister found it in the Civet. ''' 



Scaleni.—Oi these there are but two, both of which are situated 

 belund (dorsad) the brachial plexus ; consequently the scalenus an- 

 ttcus must be regarded as wanting. 



The scalenus niedius passes from the transverse processes of the 

 fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical vertebrae to the first rib S pos- 

 ticus IS from the fifth cervical vertebra to the fourth and fifth ribs 



The scalene muscles in H. crocuta are therefore similar in arrano-e- 

 ment to those of U. striata and Dog, as described by Meeifel 

 Douglas, however, avers the esistence of three scalenes in the latter 

 animal, thus agreeing with H. brunnea, in which, according to 

 Murie, a s. antuus exists along with the medius and posticus ; Inch 

 is also the condition which obtains in the Civet. 



The rectus capitis anticus major, from the transverse processes of 

 the second to the sixth cervical vertebrae, to the basiocciput is but 

 indistinctly separated from the rectus capitis anticus nmior. The 

 latter muscle springs from the arch of the atlas, and lies under cover 

 of the major. 



Lo7igus colli occupies the cervical and anterior dorsal regions. Its 

 fibres extend between the transverse processes and bodies of the 

 various vertebrae over which it passes, with the exception of the axi« 

 and terminate anteriorly at the arch of the atlas. These muscles do 

 not differ materially in the Carnivora. 



Splenius arises from the whole length of middle line of the neck, 

 first two dorsal spines, articular processes of last five cervical and first 

 dorsal vertebrae ; it has its insertion solely into the outer halt of the 

 transverse ridge of the occiput. There is therefore no splenius colli 

 present. This condition is usual in Carnivores. Douglas, however 

 notes a cervical attachment of splenius in the Dog. ' 



Complexus. — This muscle forms an enormous fleshy mass in the 

 region of the neck. It arises from the last five cervical articular 

 processes and from the anterior two dorsal spines. Insertion is into 

 occiput beneath splenius. There is no division into complexus and 

 digastric, such as Meckel notes in H. striata. 



s 



