94 MESSRS. "WATSON AND YOUNG ON THE [Jail. 14, 



Cumplexus tertius. — A series of strong fleshy bundles extends be- 

 tween the articular processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae ; con- 

 tinued forwards as a separate muscular band, the fibres pass to the 

 transverse process of the atlas, forming the muscle so-named. Murie 

 describes a similar structure in //. brunnea, and regards it as corre- 

 sponding to the complexus tertius in Hyrax. 



The homological significance of this muscle appears, however, to 

 have received varied interpretations by diiTerent anatomists, e.g. 

 Mivart and Murie', recording their observations on the Myology of 

 Hyrax capensis, write that " Meckel describes it as the transver- 

 salis cervicis ; but this," they proceed to say, " it cannot be, as the 

 transversalis cervicis is always the continuation into the neck of the 

 longissimus dorsi, whereas our muscle lies distinctly internal to such 

 continuation ;" they further ttate that the true transversalis cervicis 

 is the cerviealis ascendens of Meckel. 



"Whilst agreeing with the view of Mivart and Murie as to the 

 nature of the muscle under consideration, and regarding it as a com.' 

 plexus tertius, we must take exception to their exposition of Meckel's 

 views. "We do not believe that Meckel described the muscle under 

 any name, certainly in no case as forming solely the transversalis 

 cervicis ; neither does he confound the cerviealis ascendens with the 

 transversalis cervicis. 



The posterior recti and olliqui have their usual attuchments. 

 Ohliqus inferior is comparatively very large. The rectus capitis 

 posticus major consists of two parts, superficial and deep ; such is also 

 the case in the Dog, Bear, and Civet. Rectus capitis lateralis is in- 

 separable from the superior oblique. 



Spinalis colli extends from the first dorsal and last five cervical 

 spines to the spine of the axis ; there is no semispinalis. 



The cervical intertransversales, arranged in pairs, are exceedingly 

 large and strong. 



Muscles of the Back, Thorax, and Abdomen. 



The panniculus car7tosus in H. crocuta, as in Carnivores generally, 

 forms an extensive muscular sheet, specially strong on the lateral 

 aspects of the trunk, and extending more or less over the dorsal 

 and ventral regions. It arises from the fascia over the latissimus 

 dorsi, and posteriorly from that covering the thigh. There is, how- 

 ever, no femoral attachment. The fibres converge towards the axilla 

 and join the latissimus about four inches above its humeral attach- 

 ment. 



Trapezius is small. It arises from the spines of the seven anterior 

 dorsal vertebrae and from the ligamentum nuchse opposite the last 

 two cervical spines. Its insertion is into the whole length of the 

 scapula. This represents the posterior part of the trapezius of 

 Meckel in H. striata, his anterior portion being our levator humeri. 



The latissimus dor.n takes origin from the posterior eleven dorsal 

 spines and from the lumbar aponeurosis ; it has no costal attach- 

 ment. Joined by the panniculus, it is inserted along wiih the teres 

 1 " On tbe Myologj' of Eyrax capensis," P. Z. S. 1865, p. 333. 



