1879.J ANATOMY OF HY^NA CROCUTA. 95 



major into the shaft of humerus at the junction of its upper and 

 middle thirds. It agrees closely with Meckel's description of this 

 muscle in H. striata, and also with what exists in H. brunnea and 

 Civet, As in them, it also gives off a dorsi epilrochlearis. 



The rhomboideus is a single muscle. It arises from the ligamen- 

 tum nuchge corresponding to the last two cervical vertebrse, and also 

 from the anterior four dorsal spines. Insertion is into the superior 

 costa, as well as about an inch of the anterior costa, of the scapula. 



It has no occipital attachment such as Meckel found in H. striata, 

 in this respect agreeing with Fiverra and, according to Douglas, with 

 the Dog. 



Superior and inferior serrati postici are not combined as in //. 

 brunnea ; though almost continuous, they are distinguishable by the 

 different direction of their fibres. The superior is from the seven 

 anterior dorsal spines, its costal attachment extending from the 

 fourth to the eleventh ribs. Inferior serratus is from the lumbar 

 aponeurosis to the four posterior ribs. 



Erector spince is subdivided as usual. The sacro-lumbalis small, 

 is inserted into the last four ribs ; it is prolonged forwards, however, 

 to the first rib by a muscutus accessorius. There is no cervical con- 

 tinuation in the form of a cervicalis ascendens. 



The lonyissimus dorsi, smaller than the spinalis dorsi, is attached 

 by fleshy bundles to the ten anterior dorsal transverse processes, and 

 by tendinous slips to the corresponding ribs. An enormous trans- 

 versalis cervicis is continued into the neck. It arises from the 

 posterior four cervical and anterior four dorsal articular processes, 

 receiving in addition accessory bundles from the third, fourth, fifth, and 

 sixth dorsal spines ; it is inserted into the transverse processes of the 

 last five cervical vertebrae. The trachelo-mastoid is absent. 



Spinalis dorsi, the innermost and largest subdivision of the 

 erector, is inserted into the spines of the anterior dorsal and last two 

 cervical vertebrae. 



Apparently these muscles are similarly arranged in H. striata and 

 H. brunnea. In these animals the unusual nature of the relative 

 sizes of the dorsal muscles, the one to the other, is noted by Meckel 

 and Murie respectively. As Dr. Murie puts it, "the serrati postici 

 usually small, are here large ; the sacro-lumbalis and longissimus 

 dorsi, on the contrary, are comparatively small, although in them- 

 selves of no mean bulk ; but the spinalis dorsi obtains by far the 

 largest dimensions, and is indeed a very powerful muscle of enormous 

 magnitude." In the main these remarks are equally applicable to 

 H. cr acuta. 



In the Civet Macalister records a cervicalis ascendens and also a 

 trachelo-mastoid. 



The multifidus spince extends as far back as the seventh caudal 

 vertebra. Rotatores spince are large ; the interspinals are also well 

 marked. 



Levatores costarum, with the usual attachments, are very strong ; 

 their fibres are fjuite continuous with those of the external intercostal 

 intiscles. 



