'8"9-] ANATOMY OF HYiENA CROCUTA. 99 



of ulna to the index finger, there joining the common extensor tendon 

 in the usual manner. Meckel notes an extensor indicia in H. striata, 

 but says it is distributed to the third finger. 



In the Civet a conjoined extensor secundi et indicis is found. 

 The pronator radii teres, from internal condyle of humerus to junc- 

 tion of upper and middle thirds of radius, is slender ; it does not differ 

 from that oiH. striata. In the Civet, on the contrary, the muscle is 

 particularly strong, and extends dovra to the lower end of the radius. 

 In H. crocuta, the smallness and comparative feebleness of the 

 round pronator is compensated by an extensive pronator quadratus, 

 which is attached to the whole" length of the bones of forearm. 

 Large also in H. striata. Dog, and Cat, it is limited in Civet to the 

 lower third of the forearm. 



The flexor carpi rudialis arises from the inner condyle, and is 

 inserted into the base of the second metacarpal bone. In the Civet 

 there is an additional inferior attachment to the base of the first 

 metacarpal. 



Palmaris longus is quite distinct from the inner condyle, and termi- 

 nates in a strong palmar fascia. Meckel states that in H. striata this 

 muscle IS mtimately blended with the superficial flexor of the digits. 

 According to Douglas, it is entirely wanting in the Dog. In the Civet, 

 on the other hand, somewhat remarkably, it forms a double muscle 

 from end to end. 



Flexor carpi ulnaris, from the internal condyle of humerus to 

 the pisiform bone, is prolonged also to the outermost metacarpal. So 

 also in H. striata and Civet ; in the latter animal an olecranoid orio-jn 

 likewise exists. ° 



Flexores diffitorum.~The superficial and the deep form one large 

 irregular muscular mass. This arises from the internal humeral 

 condyle, and also from the bones of forearm— one slip taking origin 

 from the upper extremities of both radius and ulna, while a second 

 comes from the whole length of the posterior border of ulna. Below 

 the middle of the forearm the muscle divides into two parts, a super- 

 ficial and a deep. 



The superficial (perforatus) is distributed by means of separate 

 tendons to the four outer toes, each tendon ending at the middle 

 phalanx of its respective digit, and giving passage to the corresponding 

 deep flexor tendon in the usual manner. 



The deeper part of the muscle {jperforans) ends in a single broad 

 tendon which divides into four, and so is distributed to the same 

 four toes as the superficial tendons, perforating these latter, and 

 reaching the terminal phalanges of.the digits. This complication of 

 the flexors of the digits appears to be common in the Carnivora. A 

 particularly interesting modification, however, exists in the Civet, in 

 which animal the distribution of the perforatus {i. e. the superficial 

 part of the common flexor mass as in H. crocuta) is limited to the 

 three middle digits, no tendon passing to the outermost. The 

 latter, however, possesses a special little muscle' which arises from the 



' Mivart and Murie describe a similar muscle in Hyrax capensis (P. Z. S, 

 1865, p. 341), and designate it "flexor brevis man us." 



7* 



