102 MESSRS. WATSON AND YOUNG ON THE [Jan. 14, 



111 the absence of a candai origin the seniitendinosus in H. crocuta 

 differs from that of Viverra. 



The biceps, strong and bulky, springs from the tuberosity of the 

 ischium. The anterior two thirds of its fibres terminate on the 

 ligamentous structure on the outer side of the knee, whilst the re- 

 maining third ends on a tendinous band which reaches down to the 

 OS calcis. 



In the Civet the arrangement is very similar. 



Tensor fascicB femor is, from the anterior half of the lower border 

 of the ilium, is inserted into the fascia lata about the middle of the 

 outer side of the thigh. Douglas describes this muscle in the Dog 

 as being double-headed. 



The sartorius takes origin from the anterior spine of the ilium ; and 

 whilst one set of fibres pass obliquely to the upper end of the tibia 

 as usual, a second set run straight down superficial to the rectus 

 femoris, and joins this latter low down, forming an additional element 

 in the common extensor. 



The two parts so described are united simply by membrane, they 

 themselves forming distinct muscular bundles. The muscle may be 

 regarded, therefore, as a double sartorius, or the outer fibres as 

 forming a superficial rectus or fifth extensor, such as was first de- 

 scribed by Douglas in the Dog under the name of " extensor tibiae 

 primus cani proprius." In manj' Carnivorous animals the two bundles 

 are united and continuous, a single muscle therefore resulting, viz. 

 the sartorius. In the Civet such is the case, though Macalister in 

 his specimen found it double. 



The gracilis has a broad aponeurotic origin from the posterior 

 part of the symphysis pubis, and also from the anterior portion of 

 the pubic arch. It is inserted into the internal surface of the shaft 

 of the tibia at its upper part. Exactly the same arrangement is found 

 in the Civet and also in H. striata. 



The pectineus is from the ilio-pectineal line to the middle of the 

 linea aspera of the femur. 



In the Civet this muscle is large and double at its insertion, which, 

 however, does not extend below the middle of the shaft of femur. 

 In the Dog, whilst the pectineus is single, according to Meckel its 

 insertion reaches down to the internal condyle. 



Adductor magnus arises from the pubic arch, for two inches in 

 front of the ischial tuberosity. The fibres form a comparatively 

 long and narrow muscle, which, bifurcating low down, is inserted 

 partly into the line leading to the internal condyle of the femur, and 

 also by a distinct but n.irrow tendon into the internal tuberosity of 

 the tibia. This latter probably represents the insertion of the semi- 

 membranosus, which in H. crocuta must be regarded as coalesced 

 with the great adductor. In this respect, as stated before, H, cro- 

 cuta conforms to the Carnivorous type, but differs from H. striata. 

 Bear, Raccoon, Coati, Civet, and Tayra. 



Adductor brevis, of considerable magnitude, forms the remaining 

 and greater part of the adductor mass. It takes origin from the 

 body of the pubis and from the anterior half of the pubic arch, and 



