1879.] ANATOMY OF IIY.ENA CUOCUTA. 105 



toe ; in this respect it differs from those in the Civet and Do<r Ac- 

 cording to Meckel, mil. striata this muscle divides into two'distinct 

 bellies, and gives off five tendons. In the Civet the muscle is undivided 



An ex-tensor hallucis does not exist as a separate muscle, a slip 

 from the tibialis auticus being its only representative. ' 



Tibialis anticus arises from the external surface of the upper 

 third of the tibia ; halfway down the leg the muscle divides into two 

 each division terminating on a separate tendon ; of these the one (ti- 

 bialis anticus) IS inserted into the eutocuneiform bone, whilst the 

 other (extensor hallucis) goes to the metatarsal of rudimentary great 



There is no separate extensor hallucis proprius, such as exists in 

 the Civet or Dog. 



Extensor brevis digitorum, from the os calcis, terminates bv 

 three tendons, which pass to the second, third, and fourth toes 

 1 he same obtams in H. striata. In the Civet the muscle is distributed 

 to the four inner toes, whilst in the Dog it is to the four outer 



Pero7icBi are two in number. Of these the longus arises as in H 

 striata. Bear, Coati, &c., from the external condyle of the femur • 

 it has also an additional origin from the external tibial tuberosity' 

 Insertion is solely mto base of fifth metatarsal bone, as mH. striata 

 In the Civet it is fibular in origin, and its tendon of insertion, after 

 giving a slip to the fifth metatarsal, is continued to the first 



Thepermaus brevis arises below the longus from the middle two 

 thirds of shaft of fibula, and terminates in two tendons, one of whi-h 

 passes on the dorsal aspect of the outer toe and joins the expansion 

 of extensor-tendon, whilst the second is inserted into the base of the 

 metatarsal bone of the same toe. 



T \'^^-^^^^^^"- the first tendon joins the extensor of the fourth toe. 

 In the Dog tne insertion is as in H. crocuta. In the Civet, and in 

 tlie Bear also, a third peronaeus exists ("peron^us quinti," Macalister) 

 which, as observed by Meckel, may represent the peronaeus tertius. 

 Jt joms the extensor- tendon of the fifth toe over the first phalanx 



The tendency towards the formation of a third peronjeus is well 

 evidenced by the double insertion of the peronjBus brevis in the Dog 

 and the still better marked division inferiorly in H. crocuta Com-' 

 paring these with the Civet or Bear, a progressive and more com- 

 plete differentiation obtains, up to the formation of entirely separate 

 muscles. 



Concluding Remarks. 



Having now described at some length the anatomy o{ H. crocuta. 

 It may be well to add a few words by way of comparison of the 

 structure of this with that of the other species which most closely re- 

 semble it. The arrangement of the muscular system of H. crocuta, 

 so far as one can judge from an inspection of the plates of Cuvier 

 and Laurillard, and from a perusal of the somewhat fragmentary 

 notes which have been published with reference to other species' 

 appears to be very similar to that of H. striata and H. brunnea, and 



