354 PROF. A. H. GARROD ON THE D^P 1 "' h 



lection contained this species as well as Mr. Treacher's ; but it was 

 already recorded from the locality by Motley and Dillwyn. 



136. Sterna melanauchen, Temm. 



Sterna melanauchen, Saunders, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 661. 



Common in April, May, and June, according to Governor Ussher. 



137. Anous melanogenys, Gray. 



Anous melanogenys, Sharpe, Report Trans. Venus Exped., Birds of 

 Rodriguez, p. 10. 



One adult specimen sent by Mr. Treacher. Native name " Tara 

 tara." I have shown the specimen to Mr. Howard Saunders ; and 

 he confirms the identification. 



3. On the Conformation of the Thoracic Extremity of the 

 Trachea in the Class Aves. — Part I. The Gallinse. By 

 A. H. Garrod, M.A v F. R.S v Prosector to the Society. 



[Eeceived October 31, 1878.] 



Inspection of the windpipes of several species of allied birds makes 

 it evident that the bifurcation of that tube to form the bronchi is 

 brought about in different ways in almost every case, by various 

 alterations of greater or less degree in the proportionate development 

 of the several rings and semirings entering into the composition of 

 the organ. In the case of the non-oscinine Passeres, Johannes Miiller 

 has proved the great importance of the study of the " lower larynx " 

 or syrinx in the determination of the affinities of the species. In the 

 present communication it is my desire to continue his line of inves- 

 tigation to other families of the class, laying more stress on the 

 cartilaginous structures, and less on the muscles moving them. 

 Opportunities are specially in favour of my studying the Gallinse at 

 the present time ; therefore this first fasciculus is an account of the 

 bifurcating windpipe in those species of the Order which it has been 

 my good fortune to examine. 



By C. J. Temminck, in his valuable ' Histoire Naturelle Ge'nerale 

 des Pigeons et des Gallinaces ' \ several of the windpipes of the 

 Gallinse are figured. These will be mentioned when the respective 

 species are discussed. 



It is in the Peafowl that the thoracic termination of the trachea is 

 less complicated, as far as my experience goes, than in any other Gal- 

 linaceous bird ; and the arrangement is so simple that it is not easy 

 to imagine one much more so 2 . 



In the chick (a month old) of Pavo spicifer (figs. 1, 2) the antepe- 

 nultimate tracheal ring is free, and agrees with those above it in that 

 the interannular intervals are reduced to a minimum, at the same time 



1 Amsterdam, 2 vols., 1813 and 1815. 



2 Vide Temminck, loc. cit. pi. i. fig. 2. 



