1879.] TRACHEA OF THE GALLING. 377 



lateral portion of the atrophied ring. The first and second bronchial 

 semirings are upturned laterally, and more slender than those below 

 them. The first anteriorly sends upwards and inwards a lengthy 

 process of about three times the thickness of the body of the ring 

 itself, cut away obliquely, so that its upper end looks inwards and a 

 little upwards, nearly to meet its fellow, from which it is separated 

 by a narrow triangular fibro-cartilage, developed at its base from the 

 middle of the antero-inferior margin of the penultimate ring of the 

 trachea. The second semiring is slightly swollen at its ends to 

 articulate with the semiring above. The interval between the 

 penultimate ring and the first semiring is necessarily considerable, 

 and is quadrate as well as slightly biconcave ; that between the first 

 and second semiring is meniscoid, convex upwards, and shallow. The 

 bronchial semirings below the second are peculiarly lengthy, espe- 

 cially the fifth, and pointed at the ends. Strangely, also semiring 

 three, a short distance external to its anterior termination, articulates 

 by small special facets with those above and below. The bronchi- 

 desmus is particularly strong. 



By Temminck 1 this windpipe is imperfectly figured. 



Gal/us bankiva at first sight seems to have the lower end of its 

 windpipe constructed upon quite a different type from that of any of 

 its allies, although I have reason to believe that other species fill up 

 the gaps between it and other Phasianidae. The lower extremity of 

 the trachea is very much compressed from side to side, whilst it is 

 correspondingly augmented in depth from before backwards. The 

 antero-posteriorly directed pessulus joins in front the base of a consi- 

 derable median triangular cartilage, which, with upward-directed 

 small-angled apex, reaches as high as the level of the antepenultimate 

 tracheal ring ; posteriorly it joins a similar but smaller cartilage, the 

 apex of which does not quite reach the penultimate ring. With the 

 lateral angles of these triangular cartilages, the anterior and posterior 

 extremities of the first bronchial semirings freely articulate. These 

 semirings are large and much curved, with the convexity directed 

 downwards. Anteriorly they meet, but do not articulate with the 

 scarcely modified second semirings, from which they are quite inde- 

 pendent behind. 



The last tracheal ring is thin and band-like, joining the lower ends 

 of the sides of the anterior triangular cartilage in front, whilst behind 

 its free extremities are separated by a considerable interval, partly 

 occupied by the posterior triangle. The penultimate ring persists 

 as two straight lateral band-like rudiments fixed in the tracheal 

 membrane, and nearly reaching both the anterior and posterior 

 triangular cartilages. The antepenultimate ring is still further 

 modified in the same direction, only the antero-lateral parts per- 

 sisting as rudiments, not seen, therefore, in the back view of the 

 organ. A short distance above the level of the apex of the anterior 

 triangular cartilage, and some way below the first fairly normal 

 tracheal ring, is a continuous filamentous transverse cartilage, with 

 little extra pieces connected to it — incomplete in the middle line 



1 Loc. cit. pi. iii. fig. 8. 



