424 MR. W. A. FORBES ON THE AFRICAN ELEPHANT. [May 6, 



glands. The length of each tonsil is about 2 inches. Between the 

 tonsils the root of the tongue is narrowed to about an inch, so that 

 the fauces become extremely small. Between the two posterior 

 pillars a few thin wrinkled folds of mucous membrane run across 

 in front of the epiglottis, forming the " plica palato-epiglottica" of 

 Mojsisovics 1 . The epiglottis is short, thick, and evenly rounded. 

 I failed to detect any " pharyngeal pouch," such as that described 

 by Dr. Watson 2 , or even to recognize the " leicht zu iibersehende, 

 seicbte Grube," which Dr. Mojsisovics (I. c. p. 60) found as its sole 

 representative in the animal he examined. In other respects my 

 observations on the pharynx closely agree with the descriptions and 

 figure (/. c. Taf. v. fig. 1) of the last-named naturalist, as also with 

 the description of the pharynx by Messrs. Miall and Greenwood in 

 the Indian species (/. c. p. 52). The former, however, does not 

 apparently recognize the subdivision of his " inner " pharyngeal 

 sac (I. c. Taf. v. fig. 1, I) into two by a vertical fold of mucous mem- 

 brane, which runs from the transverse fold in front backwards to a 

 level with the hinder part of the larynx, and there, after getting 

 deeper, terminates, sending off a fold to the laryngeal mass on one 

 side and to the palato-pharyngeus on the other. Such an arrange- 

 ment is clearly described by Messrs. Miall and Greenwood (/. c. p. 52) 

 in their subject; but they mention only a single gland in each of the 

 inner chambers, whereas I find that there are several glands on the 

 outer walls only of each of the two innermost chambers of each side. 

 The external chamber on each side is free from glands, as noticed by 

 Dr. Mojsisovics (/. c. p. 62). 



The relations of the various parts of the hyoid arches to each 

 other, and to the muscles in connexion with them, exactly agree 

 with those that obtain in the Indian species, as first pointed out by 

 Prof. Garrod 3 . Between the digastric and the stylo-pharyugeus 

 pass the vessels supplying the thyroid glands. 



Salivary Glands. — The parotid gland is large 4 ; Stenson's duct 

 opens in the cheek in the usual position. 



The submaxillary gland is small and oval ; it measured 2 inches 

 long by f inch deep and i inch thick. Wharton's duct, 8 inches 

 long, opens on each side on a single linear papilla beneath the tongue 

 on the frcenum lingua, about 3 inches from the tip. 



The sublingual is 5 inches long, 1 inch wide, and g inch thick. 

 It opens by many ducts beneath the tongue. 



Besides the above glands, which are usually present in Mammalia, 

 there is a large, more superficially situated, gland that lies in front 

 of the angle of jaw on its inner side. This gland is much lobulated, 

 is about 8 inches long, 1 inch wide at its greatest width, and \ inch 

 thick. It opens by many ducts, some situated on raised papillae, in 

 the cheek 5 . It probably corresponds to the molar glands found in 



1 L. c. p. 62, Taf. v. fig. l,pe. 2 Joum. Anat. Pbys. viii. 1873, p. 91. 



3 P. Z. S. 1875, p. 365, and figure. 



4 This was unfortunately damaged in removing the brain ; consequently I can 

 give no details. 



5 My friend Mr. W. Qttley, of University College, was kind enough to help 

 me hy dissecting out and measuring these glands. 



