1879.] MR. W. A. FORBES ON THE AFRICAN ELEPHANT' 429 



in both species) a left central lobe (extremely small in E. indicus, 

 but clearly marked off in E. africanus), and a left lateral lobe, of 

 large size ,n both spec.es. In E. indicus, as may be seen from the 

 figures, the right margin of the liver is slightly notched, appa- 

 rently marking out the distinction of right central and lateral lobes • 

 in h africanus, however, there are two such notches, both very 

 shal ow and superficial. In both species there is a large area behind 

 the transverse fissure on the under surface of the liver bare of peri- 

 toneal covering (indicated by the portion within the dotted lines 

 m figs. A and o). The angulated line of attachment of the suspen- 

 sory ligament in this species will also be noticed (fig 3) 



The liver in my specimen weighed 131b. 5 oz. : its greatest len-th 

 transversely was 20 j .inches, the greatest breadth (from behind for- 

 wards) 16 inches. In Perrault's example it measured 3* ft. x 2\ ft 

 His figure (pi 20) is not at all like my specimen ; nor is Mayer's 

 drawing (I.e. pi. y. fig. I-which, by the way, clearly show/ the 

 . abo^e-described relations of the suspensory ligament to the lar-e 

 median notch) of that of E. indicus very satisfactory S 



As in the Indian species, there is no gall-bladder; 'but the hepatic 

 duct has its epithelium reticulated at the lower end, and Cy 

 spacious, measuring 9 inches long by J| broad 



The pancreas is a lobulated, elongated gland,' 1 7 inches W It 

 opens by a single, wide and short duct (one inch long) into the he- 

 patic duct at the junction of the latter with the wall of the duode- 

 num, through which the common duct is continued for M inches 

 1 he common duct is provided with distinct circular valve-like fold,' 

 exactly as shown by Camper (conf. also Dr. Mojsisovics's figure, I c 



f ™ f \* nd °P e * s ° n a Slightly raised n>Pple-like projection on the 

 sides of the duodenum ; its aperture is about J inch broad. Like 

 Perrault and Dr. Mojsisovics, I saw nothing 8 of any secondary 

 pancreatic duct opening into the intestine Separately from the 

 hepato-pancreatic one, such as has been described by many natura- 

 lists (conf. Mojsisovics, I. c. pp. 72, 75) in E indicus. * 



*t*t% .7 '~ ■ VISC , US WaS - , f a Very lon S irre S«lar oval, with the 

 attached margin nearly straight, the other somewhat irregular. It 

 measured 23^ inches by 5^ across ' : it w.as flattened .n/thin and 

 or a slaty-grey colour. 



Thrjroid Gland— This consists of two circular cake-like lobes of 

 considerable consistency, united by a short isthmus. Each lobe 

 measures about 4± inches in diameter. 



Heart.— The ventricles were not separated at the apex by any deep 

 groove, such as is noticed by Mayer (/. c. p. 44) and Messrs Miall and 

 Greenwood (/. c p. 68) in E. indicus. This separation of the Ven- 

 tricles is probably an individual feature, as neither Hunter (' Obser 

 vations, n p. 172) nor Vulpiau and Philipeaux (as quoted by 

 Miall and Greenwood, /. s. c.) observed it. The fossa ovalis was very 

 deep admitting the first two joints of the index finger. Hunter also 

 (L c) found the remains of the foramen ovale distinct. The ductus 

 arteriosus was of the size of a quill pen, and about one inch Ion"! 

 1 Perrault gives 3 feet by 7 inches. 



