1879.] MR. GARROD ON THE RESPIRATION OF CHELONIA. 649 



fascia of the fore wings, in this last respect approaching somewhat 

 P. odenatus, West. One specimen, however, from the above district, 

 but unfortunately not precisely localized, differs so much that though, 

 judging from one specimen only, it is probably only a variety of P. 

 cyprmafila, yet, as Prof. Westwood regards P. odenatus as requiring 

 a specific name, I have followed him (for the sake of uniformity in 

 the nomenclature of these closely allied forms) in distinguishing this 

 apparent variety by a name also : — ■ 



Var. gallienus, Dist. 



Differs from P. cyprceafila in the much narrower central fascia of 

 the hind wings, which is only 8 millims. wide, and in the smaller and 

 more divided spots of the macular fascia of the fore wings. These 

 fasciae and marginal incisures ^.re also of a pale-lemon hue. 



Papilio zalmoxis, Hew. Ex. Butt. iii. Pap. t. 6. f. 18 (1864). 



One specimen from R. Ogowai (Nassau) is remarkable for its 

 smaller size, 5^ inch, rather more than 1 inch less in expanse than 

 type and ordinary specimens. The ground-colour of the underside 

 of posterior wings is also darker ferruginous. 



Papilio horribilis, Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 88, t. 34. f. 2 (1872). 



Var. calabaricus, Dist. 



This variety differs chiefly from Butler's figure in the submarginal 

 row of five spots to the posterior wing. The upper three are very 

 small ; but of these the central one is much the largest and the third 

 the smallest and indistinct (sometimes wanting) ; fourth and fifth very 

 much the largest, fifth much smaller than fourth. A red spot on 

 lower portion of abdominal margin. The median fascia to hind wings 

 is generally narrower and straighter than in P. horribilis, but in one 

 specimen agrees in that respect with Butler's figure. I have examined 

 thirteen specimens, and, finding these characters constant, have distin- 

 guished it as a variety of P. horribilis, though probably it should be 

 more correctly called a distinct "local race." 



Isubu, Mongo-ma-lobah. 



5. Note on the Mechanism of Respiration as well as of the 

 Retraction of the Head and Limbs in certain Chelonia. 

 By A. H. Garrod, M.A., F.R.S. 



[Eeceived June 13, 1879.] 



For some time past I have been acquainted with the fact that in 

 Tortoises the movement of the limbs influences the degree of inflation 

 of the lungs ; and on one occasion I have been able, in a dead specimen 

 of a large species, to blow out a candle by means of the current of air 

 issuing from the nostrils consequent upon my forcibly pushing inwards 

 one of the previously extended anterior limbs. From this I inferred 

 that the rigidity of the thoracic and abdominal walls (which entirely 

 precludes their being employed in respiration) is made up for by the 



