1880.J PAL^ARCTIC AND ETHIOPIAN TOADS. 557 



less dilated than in B. calamita. The coccyx is a little longer than 

 the skull, without any trace of diapophysis at its base. 



The males have the first metacarpian or rudiment of thumb very 

 much developed. 



Geographical Disfributioti.— The geographical range of B. viridis 

 IS a very extensive one. It is the only Bufo inhabiting both Palse- 

 arctic and ^Ethiopian Regions. In Europe it is found in the eastern 

 half, from Southern Sweden and Denmark to the extreme south • it 

 IS totally absent from Great Britain, Belgium, Holland, France, and 

 the bpanish penmsula ; in Switzerland it inhabits the region south 

 ot the Alps. It extends over entire Temperate Asia, being found 

 eastwards m Chma and in the Thibet, whence the British Museum 

 has received specimens, which Dr. Giinther has considered, in his 

 great work on the Reptiles of British India, as belonging to B. cala- 

 mita Dr. Strauch has communicated to me the list of the Asiatic 

 localities whence the St. -Petersburg Museum has received speci- 

 mens; I think It will be of some interest to reproduce it here: — 

 ' Aralykh (Mount Ararat), Bakou, Barnaoul, Bessarabia, Caucasus, 

 ±-hsabethpol, river Emba, river Hi, Kherson, Khouldsha (western 

 trontiers of China), Kirschinew, Maugyschlak (eastern coast of the 

 Caspian Sea), Nicolajew, Noukouss (Amou Daria), Nowo-Alexan- 

 drowik, Odessa, Soudagh (Crimea), Tiflis, source of Tongensken, 

 Ischabroutsch (Bessarabia), Tschaptschatschi, Tschinas (Turkestan) 

 Ise Balkhasch, Uenowka (Transcaucasia)." I have also seen speci- 

 mens from Lebanon and Arabia. It extends over the northern coast 

 ot Africa, from Egypt, where it is rather common, to Algiers. 



4. BuFO MAURiTANicus, Schlegcl. 



Bufo arabicus, Gervais, Ann. So. Nat. ser, 2, vi. p. 312 (1836). 



Bufo mauritanicus, Schlegel, Wagn. Reis. Alg. iii. p. 134 (1841). 



Bufo pantherinus, part., Dumeril & Bibron, Erp. G6n. viii. p 687 

 (1841); Giinther, Cat. Batr. Sal. p. 59 (1858). 



Bufo pantherinus, Guichenot, Expl. Sc. Alg. Zool. v. p. 23 (1850) • 

 Strauch, Mem. Ac. Sc. St. Petersb. ser. 7, iv. 7, p. 80 (1862). 



Characters.— Cvomi of the head without long ridges. Snout 

 short, blunt. Interorbital space broad, concave. Tympanum small, 

 suboval, distinct. Parotoids rather large, elliptic, depressed. Fino-ers 

 moderate, with two -rowed subarticular tubercles ; first much longer 

 than second. Hind limbs moderate ; no large gland on the calf; a 

 cutaneous fold along the inner edge of the tarsus ; toes moderate, 

 webbed at the base, with two-rowed subarticular tubercles. Upper 

 parts with irregular, depressed, distinctly porous warts ; above 

 with large insuliform brown, olive, or reddish spots; beneath 

 whitish, Mnspotted. Male with a rather developed subgular vocal 



sac. 



