FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE. 25 



all our pint's in their huge size and form, are from 12 to 1<! inches long and 

 from L'i to 3$ inches in diameter : occasionally, 18 to 2.°> inches in length. The 

 tips of the scales are shiny and pale reddish brown, the inner part of the scale 

 being a deep purple brown. Cones ripen during August of the second year and 

 shed their seeds by October. Cones seldom fall until the third spring or sum- 

 mer, and sometimes they remain on the trees until the autumn of that year, 

 The seeds (fig. 4, a) are smooth, and vary from a dark chocolate to a blackish 

 brown. Seed leaves, 12 to 15. The wood is light and soft, but somewhat less 

 so than that of the western white pine; heartwood, pale reddish-browu ; of 

 great commercial value. 



Longevity. — A very long-lived tree, reaching an age of from 300 to 500, and, 

 in occasional instances, nearly 600 years. 



RANGE. 



Mountains from North Fork of Santiain River, Oregon, southward in Coast and Cas- 

 cades ranges. Sierras, and southern California cross ranges, 1<> Mount San Pedro Martir, 

 Lower California. 



OREGON.- — Mainly on west side of Cascades and northward to within a few miles north- 

 west of Mount Jefferson; on Siskiyous and mountains of Klamath Basin and eastward 

 to Goose Lake, generally at 2,000 feet to 3,000 feet elevation, but near coast down to 

 1,000 feet, while on east side of Cascades it goes to 5,000 feet. In northern Cascade 

 National Forest, only on North Fork of Santiam River, at 1,700 to 3,700 feet elevation, 

 from Chimney Peak to Humbug Creek Basin (T. 9 S.. R. 6 F., lat. 44° 47', Ions. 1T2° 4'), 

 the northern limit. South of this it occurs on headwaters of Willamette River (T. 22 S., 

 R. 1 and 3 E., T. 23 S., R. 2 to 4 F., T. U4 S., R. 3 to 4 F.i. south of Fish Lake on 

 main divide (T. -7 S.. R. (P. E.) : in Rogue River Valley; on Rogue-TJmpqua river divide 

 (T. 30 S., E. 1 to 5 F.. T. 31 S., It. 1 to 6), and more abundantly southward on Cascades 

 to Siskiyous. Crosses Cascades south of Fish Lake and occurs on headwaters of Des- 

 chutes Liver between Sink (reeks. Walker Range, and Pengra, also on south and east 

 basal slopes of Mount Mazama. Extends along east slopes at elevations of 4,500 to 

 6,500 feet to beyond the Klamath Marshes and Klamath Cap. Extends southeastward 

 between these marshes and upper Klamath Lake, while farther east, in Yamsay Range, 

 it occurs on Fuego Mountain, in Black Hills, and eastward to Klamath-Deschutes divide, 

 where it ranges from head of Deschutes Liver to Gearhart Mountains and Drew Valley, 

 west of Goose Lake. Ashland National Forest, up to about ,"i,400 feet. A few trees at 

 about 1,700 feet in southern coast ranges of furry County (S. 2, T. 38 S., R. 14 W., 

 and S. 35, T. 37 S., R. 14 W.), about 5 miles from coast. 



CALIFORNIA. — In Siskiyous and southward over northern California abundant save on 

 higher peaks and in Shasta Valley, at elevations of 3,000 to 6,000 feet throughout western 

 two-thirds of State. Extends eastward to Mount Shasta and summits in Shasta National 

 Forest north of Shasta, but unknown on Modoc and Warner mountains in northeastern 

 California. Noted in Siskiyou County eastward to near Beswick Ion Klamath River, just 

 south of Oregon line) ; also on Shovel Creek Ridge (near Klamath Falls), Little Shasta 

 Valley, and on Goosenest .Mountain. Western limit, same as that of yellow pine, follows 

 inland margin of fog belt 20 to 30 miles from coast. Klamath National Forest, at 3,000 

 to 5,000 feet elevation; reported also to extend nearly to sea-level on flats of Smith 

 River (Del Norte County I ; western limits in Siskiyou County at least to west slope 

 of Marble Mountain Divide and (west of it i Russian Creek basin; northward on Salmon 

 River to junction with Klamath Liver, and to 5,500 feet on Salmon Summit (on west) 

 and basin betwen Salmon Summit and Trinity Summit. Humboldt County ; sparingly 



on west slo] f Trinity Mountain, between about 3.700 and 5,000 (<•>•{ : about 2J miles 



from Hoopa Valley at 1,600 feet, and a little farther west common at 1.800 to 2.100 

 feet; here up north side of Supply Canyon to 2,600 feet (westmost limit). Mount 

 Shasta National Forest, at from 3,000 to 6,000 feet, sometimes up to 6,500 and down to 

 2,000 feet, and extending southward in Sacramento Canyon to the "Loop." while on 

 Mount Shasta it occurs only from a point 4^ miles southeast of Edgewood, on northwest 

 side, around west and south sides to Ash Creek, reaching about 6.000 feet, hut on south 

 slopes going to 7.500 feet. Farther south in Shasta County, east limits are Soldier 

 Mountain (1 mile northwest of Dana), ridge east of Fall River Valley (Shasta-Lassen 

 county boundary) : noted westward to point .". miles east of Montgomery, and on McCloud 

 River south to Baird. In Trinity National Forest it goes eastward to Lewiston on west 

 border of Sacramento Valley; Coast Range at 2,300 to 4,150 feet and southward to 

 Bully Choop and Yola Buli ranges and westward to upper Mad River ; on north slopes 



