32 FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE. 



Longevity. — Trees attain an age of from 250 years (when they are about 19 

 inches in diameter) to 325 years. Very few records of longevity are available. 



RANGE. 



Timberline tree on the highest summits of northwestern and Pacific mountains, 

 from British Columbia and Alberta to Montana, northwest Wyoming, Washington, 

 Oregon, and southern California, at elevations of 6,000 to 7,000 feet toward the north, 

 5,500 to 9,300 feet in Oregon. 7,000 to 11,000 feet in California, and at 5,000 to 10,000 

 in Idaho and Montana. 



Canada. — Rocky Mountains at 6.000 to 7,000 feet, and northward to Rocky Mountains 

 Park and Height of Land (latitude 52°). Appears as far east as Castle Mountain and 

 the Sweet Grass Hills on the Canadian boundary. Selkirk, Gold, and southern interior 

 ranges at 5,000 to 7,000 feet. Coast Range as far west as Silver Mountain, near Yale, 

 at 5,000 feet: also at head of Salmon River and on Iltasyouco River (latitude 53°), but 

 not yet found on Vancouver Island. 



Washington. — Cascade Range (mainly east side), northeastern and Blue mountains, 

 but absent from the Olympics; generally, at 4,500 to 7,500 feet. Common on east- 

 ern slopes of Cascades of Washington National Forest at 4,600 to 7,500 feet, and rare on 

 west slopes above 6,000 feet. In Mount Rainier National Forest at 5,000 to 8,200 feet. 

 In basins of Skykomish, Snoqualmie. Cedar. Green. White, Yakima, and Wenache rivers 

 and of Lake Chelan : also on Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helena. Mount Adams, State 

 and Windy passes. Early Winters Creek. 



OREGON. — Frequent at timberline on both sides of Cascades and eastward to Blue and 

 Powder River mountains, and highest ranges of Klamath River Basin ; generally, at 

 5,500 to 9,300 feet. In northern Cascades forming timberline belt at 5.000 to 8,600 feet. 



Southward on both sides of main divide of Cascades, ranging from 6, to 9,300 feet; 



scarce on Umpqua-Rogue River Divide, and sparingly represented in t lie Siskiyous 

 between Siskiyou and Sterling peaks. Yamsay Range only of interior Klamath River 

 Basin and high ridges of Klamath-Deschutes Divide. On Mount Hood. Mount Fitt, 

 Mount Scott. Mount Mazama. 



California. — Frequent from mountains about Shasta southward in Sierras to Kaweah 

 peaks: generally, at 7,000 to 11,000 feet elevation. In Shasta National Forest on 

 Mount Shasta at 7.000 to 8,000 feet, on warmest ridges up to 9,800 feet. Mount Fddy 

 and Thompson Peak Ridge i between Canyon Creek and Salmon River. Trinity County) 

 Mountain north of Mount Shasta and immediately east of Shasta Valley, and on Goose- 

 nest Mountain at 8,800 feet. West slope of Warner Mountains (northeastern corner of 

 State i at 0,000 to 10.000 feet. In northern Sierras, on Lassen. Spanish, and Castle 

 peaks, also Mount Pleasant and other high summits at head of North and Middle forks 

 of Feather River, and elsewhere up to 7.800 feet. High peaks west of Lake Tahoe 

 (Eldorado County). In Stanislaus National Forest, generally between 8,000 to 9,500 

 feet. Tuolumne County: Sonora Pass and above (altitude 9,600 feet) and down on west 

 side to 8,500 feet: Mono Pass, down on east slope to 9,400 feet, and on west slope "to 

 little below 10,000 fee^, thence above pass to about 11.500 feet. Trees in pass bear 

 limbs only on east side (effect of prevailing wind). White Mountain and Mount Con- 

 ness : foot of glacier at north base of Conness Peak. Tuolumne Meadows region, above 

 10,000 feet ; jupper Tuolumne River Canyon below Tuolumne Meadows : Mount Lyell, 

 north side at 10,500 feet and thence northward on west wall of Lyell Fork Canyon ; 

 Mounts liana and Gibbs on west slope down to Tioga and Saddleback lakes: Cathedral 

 and Unicorn lakes and peaks (south of Tuolumne Meadows i. Mariposa County: Sunrise 

 Ridge, between Cathedral Lakes and Little Yosemite. Mono County: From summit Mono 

 Pass eastward down Bloody Canyon to about 9,400 feet; Devil's Cauldron least of 

 Sierras and about lo miles south of Farrington's. Ranch). In Sierra National Forest 

 generally between 10,000 to 12,000 feet; and southward to head of Little Kern River 

 (latitude 36 c 20'). Mount Whitney, up to 11,000 feet: Kearsarge Pass, to 12,000 feet; 

 heads of North Fork of Kings River : rims of Granite Creek and on Middle Fork of 

 Kings River between Dougherty and Simpson Meadows ; abundant on heads of North 

 Fork Kings and South Fork San Joaquin rivers at 11,000 to 11,500 feet; divide between 

 Silver and Mono creeks, and from head of Silver Creek to South Fork San Joaquin, 

 Mount Kaweah. Upper Bubbs Creek (tributary South Fork Kings River) ; about Bull 

 Prog and Fast lakes. 



Detailed range in Rockies will be given in a later bulletin. 



0( CUBRENCE. 



Confined to narrow altitudinal limits on alpine slopes and exposed ridges to timber- 

 line throughout its range. Grows among broken, bare rocks, in disintegrated granite, 



