FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE. 53 



Siskiyou and Modoc counties) at 6,700 to 7,500 feet, and Warner Mountains (Modoc 

 County), here noted on South Deep Creek; west base Mount Eddy in Trinity National 

 Forest, at 5,000 to 7,000 feel ; northeast slope of Mount Shasta at .",.400 feet altitude (3 



miles northeast of Ash Creek) to 5,600 feet < ■'! miles northwest of Inconstance Ci k) ; 



between south base of Mount Shasta and Black Fox Mountain; general over Mount Shasta, 

 Plumas. Lassen Peak, and Diamond Mountain National forests, at 0.000 to 7,500 feet, or 

 sometimes between 4,000 and 8,000 feet. North slopes of Lassen Peak on Hat Creek, 

 south slopes down to 5,500 feet. Plumas County: Eastward to Prattville and to west side 

 of Spanish Peak range (west of Quincy), below 5,500 feet and westward to Bucks Valley 

 at ."..lou feet. Sierra County: Eastward to cast side Yuba Pass (above Sierra Valley) ; 

 westward from 0,000 feet on west slope of main divide down to 5,200 feet (Basset Road 

 Bouse) : South Sierra Valley eastward into Nevada. Nevada and Placer counties: West- 

 ward from Truckee on Truekee Canyon to Donner Lake region and down west slopes of 

 Sierras from 8,000 frri, to Cisco and Emigrant Gap below 6,000 feet. Eldorado County: 

 Eastward to Tallac (south end Lake Tahoe) and southward (along Little Truckee River) ; 

 westward to Crass Lake Valley at 7,800 feet ; west slope Sierras from Summit (7,500 feel > 

 westward to Echo (5,500 feet). Alpine County: Eastward to Silver Creek at 7,500 feet, 

 and westward over Mokelumne Pass into Calaveras County, here extending to point 10 

 miles west of Bloods. Northern Sierras, at 6,000 to 0,000 feet — sometimes down to 4,500 

 feet on west slopes: Stanislaus National Forest, at 6,000 to 9,300 feet — rarely down to 

 3,500 feet or np to 10,000 feet. Tuolumne County: Eastward on east side Sierras over 

 Sonora Pass (9,600 feci i to Walker Creek Valley (8,200 feet I, Mono Pass ( 10,200 feet i. and 

 adjacent west slopes of Mount Dana. Mount Gibbs, Saddleback Lake, and Tioga Pass; 

 westward on west side Sierras to between Cold Spring and Eureka at 6,200 feet; Aspen 

 Meadows at 6,200 feet. Mariposa County: Westward to 6,400 feet (road Yosemite to 

 Crockersi. Fish Camp (3 miles south of Wawonaj at 4,900 feet. Mono County: Eastward 

 nearly to Mono Lake on Leevining Creek, below Mono Pass from 9,400 feet down to Walker 

 Lake, Devil's Cauldron, and southward to Mammoth. Southern Sierra National Forest, at 

 6,900 to 10,500 feet — rarely down to 5,500 feet or up to 11,500 feet; generally at 9,000 to 

 11,500 feet on cast slopes. Fresno County: Westward to Junction Meadow, Dinkey Creek 

 (tributary Kings River) below 5,500 feet; eastward to Kearsarge Pass. Tulare County: 

 Noted around Powell Meadow and southward to Clover Creek divide; upper Kaweah River 

 region; upper part of Sequoia National Park and about Alta Meadow; head basin of East 

 Fork of Kaweah River (Mineral King to Farewell Gap); on high ridge between Cliff 

 Creek and Deer Canyon (tributaries Kaweah Liver). Headwaters South Fork of Kaweah 

 Liver. San Gabriel National Forest, summits of eastern part, at 8,000 to 10,000 feet — 

 rarely down to 3,<K)0 feet or up to 10,400 feet. San Bernardino National Forest, sum- 

 mits of eastern part, mainly above 8,500 feet — rarely down to 6,900; in this Forest, 

 known on Grayback Mountain. Big Bear Valley. Bluff Lake, ridge between Santa Ana 

 Canyon and Bear Lake, and Bear Creek Meadows. San Jacinto Mountains, above 9,500 

 feet on west slope, and above 7,000 feet on east slope. Only on San Jacinto and 

 Tahquitz peaks: noted in Pound Valley, between Deer Springs and San Jacinto Peak, 

 between latter and Marion peaks at over 10,000 feet elevation. 



Lower CALIFORNIA. — Northern part of Mount San Tedro Martir at about 8,500 feet. 



Bast of the Pacific region, this pine ranges from northern Idaho and Montana 

 southward through Wyoming, Utah, and western Colorado, also in the Black 

 Hills of South Dakota, and will lie dealt with in a future publication. 



OCCURRENCE. 



On high plateaus and benches in vicinity of streams, mountain meadows, and lakes, 

 on broad ridges, and on long, gentle slopes and bottoms of stream basins. North and east 

 slopes are more favorable than west slopes, while south slopes, except in sheltered coves, 

 are least favorable. Especially abundant in Sierras about mountain meadows and lakes. 

 The typical coast form (commonly distinguished as Pinus contorta) occurs on sea coast 

 in sand dunes and barrens and sometimes about tide pools and swamps. Adapted to 

 dry, gravelly soils, but prefers sandy, moist ones of gentle slopes, depressions and pla- 

 teaus, where the largest growth occurs. Stunted forms grow persistently, however, in 

 crevices of solid rock throughout head basins of nearly all Sierra streams. It avoids 



limestone. 



In Sierras it forms extensive pure forests, particularly about meadows, while on 

 higher, rocky, broken ground it is associated mainly with Jeffrey pine, red fir, and west- 

 ern white pine, and sparingly with black hemlock and aspen. At high elevations in Ore- 

 gon, with LouL,'las fir, alpine fir, straggling noble and amabilis firs. 



Climatic Conditions Apparently intermediate in requirements between Douglas tir 

 and EngclLuanu spruce, Demands more moisture in soil and air and a lower average 



