FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE. 23 



Noted in mountains about Lake Tahoe, Clen Alpine Canyon, Grass Lake, from summit 

 on west side Sierras at T.r.nu feel to Echo al 5,500 feet. Alpine County: Silver Creek 

 Canyon above 7,500 feet; on and near summit of Mokelumne Pass, at 8,800 feet, and 

 divide between Mokelumne and Pacific valleys .-it T.'. »' >' » feet. Tuolumm County: West to 

 just east of Eureka Valley and eastward nearly to Sonora Pass, al 9,000 feet; on White 

 Mountain, Mount Conness, ridge between Dingier and Delaney creeks at 9,000 t'> 9,500 

 feet; north side Lambert Dome, Tuolumne River Canyon, Middle Fork Tuolumne westward 

 nearly to White Wolf, between Tuolumne Meadows and Lake Tenaya, about Cathedral 

 Lakes and southward. Mariposa County: Near Sunrise Ridge at 9, MOO feet, and into Lit- 

 tle Yosemite at 6,000 feet; ridge west of Lake Tenaya and westward to beyond White 

 Wolf, from Porcupine Flat southward to 7,800 feet. Mono County: Bloody Canyon (east 

 side Mono Pass), at about 9,300 feet. In Bouthern Sierras, at 8,000 to lo.OOO feet, while 

 on divide between Middle and South forks of Kings River, and on divide between East and 

 Middle forks of Kaweah River, it goes to 11,000 feet elevation ; upper Kings River Canyon 

 above Junction Meadow and below Vidette Meadow; Giant Forest and from Clover Creek 

 Divide to Rowell Meadow: Alta Peak (between Marble and Fast Forks Kaweah River) ; 

 south side North Fork of Kaweah: on Mount Silliman. at 8,900 to 10,200 feet, and above 

 Mineral King, at 9,600 to 10,400 fee). On west slopes of Sierras, extends southward to 

 head of Soda Creek (branch Little Kern River, in T. 19 S.. it. 32 W.), and on divide 

 between Kern River and its south fork, to a point about opposite lower end of Monache 

 Valley (T. 19 to 21 S., R. 34 F.. lat. 36" 10'). On east side of Sierras it extends from 

 Truckee to head of Cottonwood Creek. In south, reported on Mount Wilson in San 

 Gabriel Range, on San Bernardino Mountains, at 10,000 feet, at Round Valley in San 

 Jacinto Mountains at 8,900 to 9,500 feet, and on Tahquitz Peak at 8,600 feet. 



The detailed range of this pine in Idaho and Montana will be dealt with in 

 a subsequent publication. 



OCCURRENCE. 



Not confined to any definite type of locality. At north, most abundant and largest 

 in moist valleys, growing also in dry, exposed subalpine regions. Adapted to variety of 

 soils. Best growth occurs in deep, porous soils. Most common In poor, sandy situations. 



Greatest development in northern Idaho, on gentle north slopes and flats. Less fre- 

 quent west of Continental Divide in Montana and of Cascades in Oregon. In northern 

 California, on north slopes, and on south and west slopes in protected coves, broad valleys, 

 and mountain benches; in southern California rather abundant on high, west slope of 

 Sierras. Occurs commonly as scattered trees or small groups with other species ; very 

 rarely in pure stands and only on exposed high slopes. In Cascades and Sierras occa- 

 sionally forming 50 to 70 per cent of stand on small areas, but throughout its range not 

 exceeding 3 or 4 per cent. In Washington associated with western hemlock, amabills 

 fir, lowland fir, and Douglas fir ; in Oregon, with Douglas fir, lowland fir, and amabilis 

 fir ; in California, with Douglas fir, lodgepole pine, red fir, and Shasta fir. 



Climatic Conditions. — Throughout its range the approximate seasonal temperature 

 varies between — 26° F. and 98° F. Mean annual rainfall in north, from 15 inches in 

 parts of Montana and Idaho to about 60 inches near Puget Sound ; in California, proba- 

 bly between 20 and 30 inches. Humidity is great in western Washington, where over 

 two-thirds of the days are cloudy or foggy, while it is smaller in east and south, where 

 one-half of the days are overcast. Snow falls throughout its range, less near sea than in 

 northern Rocky and California mountains, where it reaches a depth of several feet. 



TOLERANCE. Endures shade for a relatively long period in youth, later requiring an 

 abundance of light for its development. It prunes well. Does not recover well after 

 suppression during pole stage. 



Rkproduction. — Reproduces itself only sparingly and at irregular intervals of about 

 two years. Not a prolific seeder: bears Beed only when of considerable age 140 to 

 60 years). Seed germinates poorly on heavy humus, unless the humus is moist during 

 most of growing season; best on exposed moist mineral soil. 



Sugar Pine. 



Phi us In hi h< rl iii mi Dougl. 



DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS. 



The largest and most magnificent of Pacific white pines, if not of all the tim- 

 ber pines of tbe region, the western yellow pine being its only rival. Its massive 

 trunk attains a height of from ICO to ISO feet, with a diameter of from 1 to 7 

 feet. Somewhat taller and larger trees are occasionally found. The trunk 



