110 FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE. 



Subalpine valleys, slopes, and ridges from southeastern Alaska, British Columbia, and 

 western Alberta southward through Washington, Oregon, Idaho, western Montana, and 

 Wyoming to southern Arizona and New Mexico. 



Alaska. — East slopes of coast range in southeastern part ; crosses divide to west 

 slopes at Lynn Canal, where at sea-level, on west shore, it occurs in groups and extends 

 to Chilkoot and White passes, reaching timber line at about 3,000 feet. Possibly extends 

 farther south, at timber line, on west slope, and on sea coast, but not yet detected. Ap- 

 pears farther north in Copper River Valley at Mentasta Pass and Copper Center (lat. 

 62°, long. 145° 20'), northwestern limit. 



Pacific Canada. — Yukon Territory, British Columbia, and Alberta. Throughout south- 

 ern British Columbia from east slopes of coast range and eastward to east side of Con- 

 tinental Divide in Alberta, except in southern dry parts of interior plateau. Northward 

 in Rockies to McLeod's Lake (lat. 55°), but farther northward on interior plateau, and over 

 eastern slopes of coast range to Lake Bennett (lat 60°) at Lewes River (Yukon Terri- 

 tory i : reappears north of Yukon River on North Fork McQuestion River (tributary Stew- 

 art River), in lat. 64° 30', long. 136°, northern limit. Occurs in northern interior plateau 

 and coast ranges at about 4,000 feet; lower limits are in valleys of eastern coast ranges 

 at Lake Bennett, descending to 2,150 feet ; occurs on Middle Lake. Lake Dease, and Lake 

 Schiitlucbroa, upper limits varying from about 3,000 feet at White Pass to 5,000 and 5,500 

 feet on sheltered inland passes, such as Taku Pass and mountains about Lake Dease and 

 Telegraph Creek (upper tributary Stikine River, about lat. 58°). Not on west slopes of 

 southern British Columbia coast range nor on Vancouver Island. On Gold and Selkirk 

 ranges and on both sides of Continental Divide, being abundant in Bow River Pass, at 

 5,000 to 7,000 feet elevation, and on east slopes extending eastward on line of Canadian 

 Pacific Railroad to Castle Mountain ; southward in Rockies, over high, cool valleys, to 

 latitude 49° and up to timber, line. Reported east of Continental Divide in Peace River 

 region and also in that between Lesser Slave Lake and Athabaska River. 



Washington. — Both sides of Cascades, Olympic, northeastern, and Blue mountains, 

 at elevations of 5,000 to 7,500 feet. Northern part of Washington National Forest, on 

 west side Cascades, at elevations above 4,500 feet, but on east side, at 5,000 to 6,000 

 feet, or sometimes up to 7,000 feet, as at Slate and Windy Passes, and down to 2,150 feet, 

 as on Stehekin River. Locally noted as follows : Crater Pass, at 6,000 feet on west 

 side Cascades, and at 5,700 feet on east side ; Twisp Pass Lake ; North Fork Bridge 

 Creek ; Emerald Basin, above and south of Lake Chelan, at 5,700 feet ; North Fork of 

 Entiat River, at 6.000 to 7,000 feet ; Entiat River, at 5,700 to 6,600 feet. Cascades in 

 southern Washington National Forest, generally at 5,000 to 6,000 feet, but sometimes to 

 7,100 and down to 2,300 feet, growing on both sides of range in Skykomish, Tolt, Sno- 

 qualmie, Cedar, Green, White, Yakima, and Wenache river watersheds; Wenache Moun- 

 tains, at 4.500 to 5,200 feet. Mount Rainier National Forest, generally at from 5,500 

 feet to timber line, but sometimes down to 4,000 feet and up to 7,500 feet ; on both sides 

 Cascades in White, Puyallup, Nisqually, Cowlitz, Cispus, Lewis, Wind, Little White Sal- 

 mon, White Salmon, Klickitat, Atanum, Tieton, Natches, and Y'akima river basins. Locally 

 noted in this region as follows : Mount Rainier, at 4,500 to 7.000 feet ; Eagle Mountain ; 

 Cowlitz Pass, at 4,750 feet; head of Summit Creek (on Cowlitz River), at 3,650 feet; 

 Cowlitz-American River Divide (near Dewey Lake), at 5.300 to 5,500 feet; Divide 3 

 miles north of Cowlitz Pass, at 4.80(1 feet; Mount Adams, at 6.000 to 6,500 feet; Upper 

 Klickitat River, at 4.200 feet; Little Klickitat Tieton River divide, at 5.000 feet; Cispus- 

 Klickitat River divide, at 5,200 feet; Goat and Olympic mountains, at 5,000 to 6,500 

 feet (timber line). Colville National Forest, along higher ridges. Washington addition 

 to Priest River National Forest, common above 4,500 feet ; Wenaha National Forest, on 

 broader ridges in Blue Mountains, at 7,000 feet and at heads of streams. 



Oregon. — Both sides of Cascades, Siskiyous, and Blue Mountains ; generally at eleva- 

 tions between 5,000 and 7.800 feet; southward to north side of Siskiyous, but absent 

 from coast ranges. Northern part of Cascades at from 5.S00 feet to timber line — some- 

 times to 7,300 feet, and down to 3,400. Southern Cascades, at 5,800 to 7,800 feet ; 

 southward on east side to point 10 miles south of Crater Lake, and on west side, to 

 Umpqua River Divide and north side of Siskiyous, where it is rare. Not on mountains 

 east of Cascades, except those in eastern, north and south parts of Blue Mountains 

 National Forest, and in Wallowa National Forest. Locally noted as follows: Southwest 

 side Mount Hood from near timber line down to a few hundred feet below Government 

 Camp ; on north side from timber line down to 3,700 feet ; Mount Mazama on Wizard 

 Island and rim of lake down to 6,000 feet in Anna Creek Canyon ; Hidaway Creek, 

 Granite Creek (near Alamo) ; South Fork of Rock Creek, at 6,450 feet; head and south 

 wall of Rock Creek; about Greenhorn City (Greenhorn Mountains); at point 8 miles 

 northwest of Alba; head of North Fork of John Day River: Powder River Mountains; 

 mountains about Miuam River. 



