120 FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE. 



thence throughout yellow pine forest northward and northeastward on road to Blood's, 

 up to 6,600 feet or more ; west and southwest of Bigtrees to 4 or 5 miles east of Mur- 

 phy's. Tuolumne County: On road from Sonora to Sonora Pass, and from Confidence 

 eastward beyond Eureka Valley, reaching 8,000 feet on warm slopes (Big Oak Flat to 

 Crockers) ; occurs from South Fork of Tuolumne River eastward to Crockers, Aspen 

 Meadows, and Middle Fork of Tuolumne, at 6,800 feet ; Hetch-Hetchy Valley ; road from 

 Crockers to Yosemite Valley, but not at highest elevations. Mono County: Sonora Pass 

 (east side) below 8,100 feet; Mono Pass in lower Bloody Canyon, Walker Lake; 3 

 miles east of Mammoth, and west up slopes. Mariposa County: (Yosemite road from 

 Raymond to Wawona) occurs above Wassama ; from Yosemite to Crockers as far as 

 Cascade Creek, at 6,000 feet, and also on Tuolumne side of divide ; Yosemite Valley, 

 especially west end, going eastward above Little Yosemite on warm slopes, to 8,200 feet ; 

 on west slope of Sunrise Ridge to 8,000 feet ; above top of Yosemite Fall to 7,000 feet ; 

 then northward to Porcupine Flat and Tioga Road, and eastward to ridge west of Lake 

 Tenaya, at 8,300 feet. Fresno County: Horse Corral Meadows ; Kings River canyon 

 eastward to Junction Meadow in Bubbs Creek canyon. Tulare County: North Fork of 

 Kaweah River canyon at Bear-paw Meadow, Buck Creek canyon, head basin and canyon 

 of East Fork Kaweah, Farewell Gap ; Kern River canyon up to 7,700 feet, and Kern 

 Lakes, 1.500 feet up canyon sides ; South Fork of Tule River in eastern part of Tule 

 Indian Reservation. Kern County: Throughout Greenhorn Mountains and head of Poso 

 Creek above 5,000 feet, on Piute Mountain, between head of Caliente Creek ami Kern 

 Valley, summit of Mount Breckenridge, and possibly on other mountains south of South 

 Fork of Kern River and Walker Pass ; south slopes of Tehachapi Mountain below 7,000 

 feet, and down Antelope Canyon. In eastern part of Santa Barbara National Forest 

 (southern cross ranges) ; noted on San Rafael Range; Mount Pinos, at 4,900 to 8.000 

 feet ; Pine and Frazier mountains. San Gabriel Mountains, on Strawberry Peak. Pine 

 Flats, Prairie Forks, and San Antonio, at 5,000 to 10,000 feet. North slopes bf San 

 Bernardino Mountains, at 4,800 to 10,000 feet, occasionally down to 4,000 feet and up 

 to 11.500 feet ; occurs also between Skyland and Fredalba, westward to Sugar Pine Flat, 

 and eastward to Baldwin Lake — possibly farther ; Crafts Peak ; Holcomb Valley, only 

 on north slopes nest desert, and down to Jeffrey Pine belt. San Jacinto Mountains, at 

 6,000 to 9,500 feet, or sometimes between 4,200 and 9.700 feet ; noted in basin between 

 Fullers Ridge and north spurs of Mount San Jacinto, on south walls of Round and Tah- 

 quitz valleys, in Strawberry Valley to near summit of Mount San Jacinto. Abundant on 

 I'alomar or Smith Mountain and Balkan Mountains ; also on Cuyamaea Mountains above 

 5,500 feet. 



Lower California. — Mount San Pedro Martir, at 8,000 to 11,000 feet. 



The detailed range of white fir in the Rocky Mountain region will be described 

 in a later bulletin. 



OCCURRENCE. 



A tree of moderate altitudes and generally on north slopes. Less particular as regards 

 aspect in North than in South. In southern Oregon, less abundant and at higher levels 

 en east than on west slopes. In northern California, best and in greatest density on 

 north and east exposures, and on heads of streams ; southern California, rather confined 

 to north slopes away from stream beds. Thrives on almost all moderately moist soils, 

 except heavy clays. Best on fairly deep, rich, moist loam ; frequent on dry, nearly pure, 

 coarse, disintegrated granite, and even among bowlders. Requires less air and soil 

 moisture than other firs, though its best growth is in cool, moist situations. 



Never in pure stands over large areas, but in Oregon and northern California often 

 forms three-fourths of stand. In southern Cascades, scattered among yellow and sugar 

 pines, Douglas fir, incense cedar, and sometimes with lodgepole pine : groups covering 

 less than an acre of this and Douglas fir in nearly equal proportions are frequent 

 throughout this forest. In California commonly with yellow, Jeffrey, and sugar pines, 

 incense cedar, and less often with Douglas fir, in lower range ; at higher levels with 

 lodgepole pine, Jeffrey pine, and California red fir, usually forming a transition type 

 between the former and last two types; stand toward upper limit of yellow and sugar 

 pine, often of great density. A frequent associate also of the bigtree, together with 

 sugar pine. At high levels in southern California, with sugar, Coulter, and lodgepole 

 pines, and incense cedar. 



Climatic Conditions. — Climate moderately humid with extreme temperatures of 

 — 38° F. in Colorado and 98° F. in southern California, a precipitation of from 19 

 inches in Colorado to 40 inches in Oregon, an average precipitation throughout its range 

 of about 25 inches, and heavy winter snows melting late in spring. 



Tolerance. — Very tolerant throughout life. With favorable soil and moisture con- 

 ditions, usually more shade enduring than any associated species, except Engelmann 



