FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE. 135 



value of this wood, iu its better grades, is yet to be determined. Firmness and 

 good working qualities must render it useful for a number of the purposes to 

 which pine is put, while its clean trunks would yield saw timber of the best 

 form. 



Longevity. — It appears to be rather long-lived, but much fuller investigations 

 are required to establish age limits. Trees from 20 to 30 inches in diameter 

 are from 225 to 370 years old. Very large trees would certainly show much 

 greater ages. The differences to be brought out in the longevity of this fir as it 

 grows on high exposed slopes and as it exists in heavier forests of lower and 

 more protected locations are likely to be most interesting and profitable contri- 

 butions. 



The so-called Shasta red fir (Abies magnified shastensis Lemmon, fig. 54) is 

 a form of the ordinary red fir discovered and described in 1890" by Prof. J. G. 

 Lemmon. In every way, except in the form and protrusion of its cone-scale 

 bracts, and in the usually shorter full form of the cones, this tree is identical 

 in appearance with the type species. Moreover, the habits of the two trees 

 are the same; in fact, may be standing side by side. The exact range and 

 occurrence of this tree has not been fully worked out. Following its first de- 

 tection on Mount Shasta, California, it was found on the coast and cross ranges 

 of northern California, and also on the Cascade Mountains, Oregon. Later it 

 was observed by the writer on the divides of Kaweah River watersheds and 

 elsewhere, far south of Shasta, in the southern Sierras. The distinction of these 

 trees, possibly so far as is now known only by the cones, is of no importance 

 from the forester's standpoint. 



RANGE. 



High mountain slopes and ridges from southern Oregon and northern California south- 

 ward over west side of Sierras. 



Oke«;ox. — Southern Cascades northward to mountain south of Davis Lake (lat. 43° 

 35') ; west slope, at 5,200 to 8,800 feet ; east slope (here extending 2 to G miles down 

 from summit), at 6,000 to 8,800 feet. On Umpqua-Rogue River Divide and Siskiyous 

 from Siskiyou Teak westward, but . absent from coast ranges, Klamath Gap, and ridges 

 of upper Klamath River Basin. 



California. — Northern part and southward in coast ranges to Lake County; also 

 throughout Sierras, and chiefly on west side. In northern part of State eastward to 

 mountains north of Mount Shasta between Shasta Valley and Butte Creek; here It 

 occurs on Mount Fomeroy, at 7,000 to 7,500 feet, on summit of Goosenest Mountain, 

 ridge east of Butte Creek, Glass Mountain, at point 14 miles south of Tule Lake at 6,700 

 t,i 7.500 feet, and probably into Modoc County. Mount Shasta National Forest, generally 

 ,it 5,000 to 8,000 feet. Locally noted on Scott Mountains; Mount Eddy; Mount Shasta, 

 at 5,500 t'> 7,500 feet — sometimes to 8,900 feet. Westward in Siskiyou County to Marble 

 Mountain ridge (west of Scott Valley), where it occurs on east slope at 5,000 to 5,700 

 feet on Salmon Summit west of North Fork of Salmon, Trinity Summit .on boundary 

 between Siskiyou and Humboldt counties — here on west side above 4,800 feet. Klamath 

 National Forest, above 6,000 feet. Highest summits in Trinity National Forest, between 

 5.000 and 8,000 feet; sometimes down to 4,000 feet, and common on Canyon ('reek near 

 lakes and on higher parts of Yola Buli Ridge. Throughout Stony Creek National Forest 

 (Coast Rangei on Sanhedrin range southward to Pine Mountain, at about 5,000 to 

 7,000 feel : abundant on St. Johns, Iron, and Hull mountains and headwaters of Grind- 

 sione Creek, Black Buttes, and Snow Mountain, at 7,000 feet. Lassen Peak, 

 Plumas, and Diamond Mountain National forests have scattered bodies above 6.000 

 feet ; south side of Lassen"s Peak, above 5,500 feet. Northern Sierras, commonly on 

 west slope at 4,800 to 7.000. feet ; eastward to Grizzly Mountains and on east slope to 

 Smithneck Creek and Sardine Valley. Locally noted in Plumas County at Bucks Valley; 

 Grizzly Mountains and southward to Penman Peak; Spanish Creek Ridge; South side 

 Frenchman's Hill and westward to Walker Plain. Sierra County, Yuba Pass and east- 

 ward down to 5,800 feet (west of Sierra Valley) to Sardine Valley and Smithneck Can- 



" It is suspected that this tree was distinguished by Carriere as early as 1867, but It 

 is impossible to be sure now that his description refers to this tree. 



